Here Are the Biggest Fastball Gains and Losses
It’s still too early to know much of anything. That’s going to stay true for a while. So we’re still going to look for indicators that ought to stabilize quickly, which means fastball velocities remain of interest. Have you grown tired of reading articles about changes in fastball velocity? I have, too! But here is another one of them, just to bring 30 names to your attention. The subject might be tiresome, but the data’s still relevant.
You’ll find two tables. One shows the 15 pitchers with the biggest gains in average fastball velocity since 2016. The other shows the 15 pitchers with the biggest losses in average fastball velocity. I could’ve cut off at 10, instead of 15, since that’s more conventional, but I think stretching to 15 brings more pitchers of interest into the fold. To gather this information, I ignored the FanGraphs leaderboards and went for the PITCHf/x leaderboards at Baseball Prospectus, powered by Brooks Baseball. That’s because the Brooks Baseball numbers have been calculated in the same way year over year, while the numbers on the FanGraphs pages have had a change in source, from PITCHf/x to Trackman. According to Brooks, the average fastball right now is down about half a tick, which is what we’d expect in early April. OK. Onward!
Some points to consider, before we get to the tables themselves:
(1) In general, for a pitcher, gaining velocity is good, and losing velocity is bad. That’s intuitive. There are strong, established relationships between velocity changes and changes in performance. This is why we focus on velocity so much. It’s important!
(2) General rules do not apply to every individual pitcher, specifically. Marco Estrada lost velocity last year, but his ERA- stayed the same, and his FIP- got better. Adam Morgan gained velocity last year, but he wound up with an ERA over 6. Everybody’s different. Everybody adapts differently.
(3) It’s important to understand why velocity might have changed. Not that we can always know. When a pitcher loses velocity, it can be a sign that he’s hurt. Or, his mechanics could be off. Or, he had a cold. Or, it could be intentional! All data requires an explanation. These tables are simply to raise your awareness.
(4) The little calendar on my screen says it’s April 11. The physical calendar on my wall agrees. Velocity takes little time to stabilize, but it *is* still very early. Everyone deserves more time. The following are just pitchers to monitor.
I think we’re ready for table No. 1!
| Pitcher | 2017 FA | 2016 FA | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jorge de la Rosa | 94.6 | 91.1 | 3.5 |
| Archie Bradley | 96.6 | 93.3 | 3.3 |
| Adalberto Mejia | 93.5 | 90.6 | 2.9 |
| Christian Bethancourt | 95.1 | 92.3 | 2.7 |
| Shelby Miller | 96.4 | 94.1 | 2.3 |
| Brent Suter | 86.6 | 84.4 | 2.2 |
| Alex Wood | 93.5 | 91.4 | 2.2 |
| Yovani Gallardo | 92.7 | 90.6 | 2.1 |
| Raisel Iglesias | 95.9 | 93.8 | 2.0 |
| Tyler Chatwood | 94.8 | 93.1 | 1.7 |
| Jake McGee | 95.8 | 94.1 | 1.6 |
| Tyler Wilson | 92.2 | 90.7 | 1.4 |
| Aaron Nola | 92.2 | 90.7 | 1.4 |
| Adam Morgan | 92.5 | 91.2 | 1.3 |
| Jason Grilli | 94.3 | 93.0 | 1.3 |
There are some bullpen conversions in here. That’s a natural explanation for why certain velocities would be playing up. Just the other day, Dave wrote about de la Rosa and Bradley throwing gas out of the Arizona bullpen. This reflects Iglesias’ permanent shift to the bullpen — his 2016 numbers were dragged down by his beginning in the rotation. Wilson has relieved. Morgan has relieved. It’s still notable to see which velocities are up, no matter what, but we expect relievers to throw harder. Arizona has two very promising conversions.
Mejia is one start in with the Twins, and that one start was bad. He’s also being compared here to just one big-league appearance a year ago. Might not be too relevant. Bethancourt? He’s actually learning to pitch now, so some velocity gain makes sense. It’s no longer just about his raw arm speed. Miller has been throwing harder since the spring. He’s taken it upon himself to put 2016 in the rear-view mirror, and although he’s pitched just one game, the stuff and the seven strikeouts are encouraging. He’s a major bounceback candidate.
For the Rockies, it’s great to see McGee rediscovering some old zip, and it also helps to have Chatwood playing up. Although he’s yielded 14 hits, he also has a dozen strikeouts in just 47 plate appearances. Nola gaining velocity seems to imply that his arm feels good, after a worrisome stretch in the middle of last summer. Gallardo stands out in here because, for years, he was losing speed bit by bit. His one-start velocity was as high as it’s been since 2011. The Gallardo trade was weird at the time, but this would be a good way for him to make himself look younger.
To the other side of the leaderboard!
| Pitcher | 2017 FA | 2016 FA | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dustin McGowan | 92.1 | 95.8 | -3.7 |
| Michael Ynoa | 91.1 | 94.7 | -3.6 |
| Brett Cecil | 89.4 | 92.9 | -3.5 |
| Jake Petricka | 91.9 | 95.4 | -3.5 |
| Francisco Rodriguez | 86.6 | 90.0 | -3.3 |
| Tommy Layne | 87.5 | 90.6 | -3.1 |
| Joely Rodriguez | 92.7 | 95.7 | -3.0 |
| Clay Buchholz | 89.8 | 92.8 | -3.0 |
| Adam Conley | 89.3 | 92.1 | -2.9 |
| Matt Cain | 88.6 | 91.4 | -2.8 |
| Jake Arrieta | 91.7 | 94.4 | -2.7 |
| Rich Hill | 88.5 | 91.2 | -2.7 |
| Jeremy Jeffress | 93.6 | 96.3 | -2.7 |
| Bruce Rondon | 95.3 | 98.0 | -2.6 |
| Hisashi Iwakuma | 85.7 | 88.3 | -2.6 |
McGowan’s early fastball has topped out at 93.6. That’s down two miles from last year’s average fastball, so the Marlins have to have some amount of concern, given McGowan’s extended medical history. Their bullpen is deep, but this is a tough thing to ignore. The next names of real significance, to me: Cecil and Rodriguez. Rodriguez, because he’s the closer for a could-be contender. And Cecil, because he just signed a four-year contract with a could-be contender. Cecil had arm issues last year, and he’s already allowed seven hits in three innings, with a 15 ERA. I supported the Cecil signing and I still tend to believe he’ll straighten things out, but this is an awful beginning.
Buchholz is one start in. He has his own medical history to keep in mind. Conley is one start in. Hill is one start in, and he had a blister issue, so maybe that explains his presence above. Arrieta and Iwakuma are two starts in, so those points are more meaningful. Arrieta says he isn’t concerned, and he threw a little harder in his second start. He also just struck out 10 Brewers in seven innings, so it’s not like he’s gotten hittable. We’ll all just agree to keep track of Arrieta’s velocity and command as we get deeper into the year. Iwakuma didn’t show a velocity improvement in his second start. Although his ERA is 2.25, he’s got six walks and four strikeouts in 12 innings. Iwakuma here is as discouraging as Gallardo above is promising — the Mariners rotation could be their weakness, and Iwakuma has fought shoulder issues before. If he’s throwing 85 or 86, that could be below the threshold of acceptability.
Calendar still says it’s April 11. I guess it’s still April 11. We’ll all learn to know which pitchers we can trust, and which pitchers we can’t. Velocity is just one factor, and all the samples remain small, but velocity still stabilizes sooner than anything else. As such, this post shouldn’t be a complete waste of your time.
Jeff made Lookout Landing a thing, but he does not still write there about the Mariners. He does write here, sometimes about the Mariners, but usually not.
The entire Cubs rotation average FB velocity is around 1-2 mph slower this year.
You try throwing with a ring on your finger.
Lester was basically back to his norm in his 2nd start.
Hey Jeff, maybe you have looked into this already but I know from watching Cecil that he has started slow the previous couple seasons and often seems like he has to build up velocity. I distinctly remember a lot more high 80s and low 90s from him in April/May, and by August/September (when he would go on some great runs of dominance) his fastball would be 93,94 and could reach back for 96 at times. I thought he should be employed more in middle relief for the start of the season until his arm strength built up. His curveball is only nasty when his fastball is reasonable and batters can sit on the hook.
Also Cecil’s velocity difference looks like it is entirely because he has thrown cutters this year instead of 4-seamers. The pitches he has thrown are the same velocity as last year. Maybe its a categorization thing – but his entire repertoire looks very different than last year. Almost like he’s on a new team and they are still working on catcher-pitcher calling.
Last year Matt Moore’s rising pitch (‘fastball’) was measured at 92-93 mph while his break-to-the-right-and-down pitch (‘cutter’) was 90-91 mph. The speed was very consistent except that sometimes the ‘fastball’ would be 94 with 2 strikes. On Monday on the other hand, the ‘fastball’ was measured at between 89 and 95 while the ‘cutter’ was between 88 and 94. It was like Johnny Cueto. Meanwhile Bumgarner’s fastball and slutter are supposedly both 2-3 mph faster than last year. Supposedly. It’s hard to avoid the feeling that speed is not being measured the same.