Missed Time and the Hall of Fame, Part 3
Picking up where we left off in my series on the impact of missed time on Hall of Fame candidates, we turn to the active pitchers whose shots at Cooperstown might be harmed most due to the loss of a significant chunk or even the entirety of the 2020 season. In Part 1, I noted that whether we’re talking about the effects of military service during World War II and the Korean War or the strike-shortened 1981, ’94 and ’95 seasons, it appears that fewer pitchers were harmed in their bids than was the case for position players. Even so, lost time can prevent hurlers from reaching the major milestones — most notably 200, 250, or 300 wins, and 3,000 strikeouts — that so often form the hooks for their candidacies, and right now, there exists a cohort of starting pitchers whose electoral resumés are coming into focus.
As with the position players, I’ll focus on that group rather than younger hotshots who not only have more time to make up ground but also, inevitably, will probably face some kind of injury-driven challenge along the way (hello, Chris Sale). I’ll spare a thought for a trio of closers as well. As with the other pieces in this series, all WAR totals refer to the Baseball-Reference version.
Starting pitchers
Jacob deGrom
The winner of back-to-back NL Cy Young awards and last year’s NL strikeout leader, deGrom has more at stake this year than the quartet of pitchers who have at least 50 JAWS (Justin Verlander, Zack Greinke, Clayton Kershaw, and Max Scherzer) because he’s much further from any major milestone. He didn’t make his major league debut until five weeks before his 26th birthday, and while he’s three months younger than Kershaw (who turned 32 on March 19), he has fewer than half as many innings or wins.
Speaking of Kershaw and deGrom, the two pitchers’ first six seasons are quite comparable, as I noted in an ESPN Insider piece back in January:
| Pitcher | W-L | IP | SO | ERA | ERA+ | FIP | WAR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kershaw | 77-46 | 1180.0 | 1206 | 2.60 | 146 | 2.88 | 33.6 |
| deGrom | 66-49 | 1101.2 | 1255 | 2.62 | 148 | 2.78 | 34.9 |
DeGrom has significant work to do just to get to 100 wins, let alone 200, and while current voters aren’t as hung up on the W’s as those in the past, no starter with fewer than Roy Halladay’s 203 has been elected since Sandy Koufax in 1972. The wiry Mets righty’s two Cy Young awards don’t guarantee enshrinement, either, as the likes of Denny McLain, Bret Saberhagen, and Johan Santana can attest. Recall that Santana received just 2.4% of the vote in 2018 due to the brevity of his career.
Zack Greinke
Given the numerous milestones and accolades that he’s received over the past three seasons — the championship ring, second Cy Young, third no-hitter, 200th win, and 3,000th strikeout — it’s fair to say that Verlander has punched his ticket to Cooperstown. Via the recent update to bWAR, he has retaken the lead in JAWS among active pitchers (60.8, just 0.8 below the standard) from Greinke, who took a slight hit and is now 2.0 points below the standard. The 36-year-old Greinke “only” has one Cy Young, 205 wins, and 2,622 strikeouts; on the latter front, he appeared to be only two good seasons away from reaching 3,000 — the final two seasons under his current $206.5 million contract, which runs through 2021. Of the 18 pitchers who have reached that mark, only Verlander, the recently retired CC Sabathia, and current BBWAA candidates Roger Clemens and Curt Schilling aren’t enshrined, and while that’s not quite to say the achievement guarantees enshrinement, the fact that two of those four aren’t yet eligible, and that the other two have self-imposed obstacles to election (PEDs for the former, a noxious public persona for the latter), is telling. For most candidates, it’s a major selling point.
Now, even with a delay rather than a full season missed, Greinke would need until 2022 to reach 3,000 strikeouts, and, if his pace slows, possibly ’23, his age-39 season. While win totals mean far less than they used to in a voting context, his chance to reach 250 isn’t being helped by the outage either; where he could get there by averaging 15 apiece for three seasons, those would now have to be his age 37-39 campaigns. In this millennium, only Randy Johnson, R.A. Dickey, Mike Mussina, and Greg Maddux have notched 45 wins or more during that particular age span, though Clemens, Bartolo Colon, Kenny Rogers, and a few others met or exceeded that mark over three-year runs at even older ages.
Clayton Kershaw
In the grand scheme, Kershaw is in very good shape as far as Cooperstown is concerned. First and foremost, he’s got three Cy Young awards, and while his 169 wins and 2,464 strikeouts put him about three seasons away from 200 and 3,000, respectively, at 32 he’s about three and a half years younger than Scherzer, four and a half younger than Grienke, and five younger than Verlander. For him, the biggest blow regarding a potentially lost season concerns that elusive championship ring. The Dodgers have lost to the eventual champs in each of the past four years, and the two teams they lost to in the World Series have both been revealed as illegal sign stealers, adding an extra sting to those Dodger defeats.
Our forecasts projected the Dodgers to be the best team in baseball, with 97 wins over a full season and a 97.6% chance of making the playoffs thanks to a powerhouse lineup including the newly-acquired Mookie Betts. Betts and Justin Turner will both be free agents after this season, whether it’s played or not, and there aren’t any guarantees that either will be back, or that their replacements will be as strong. Particularly given Kershaw’s own postseason woes, it would be a shame if he and the rest of this juggernaut don’t get a chance to wash away some of that recent bitterness.
Jon Lester
With just 44.8 career WAR and 39.7 JAWS, the 36-year-old Lester doesn’t look like a strong candidate for Cooperstown, but even a hard-hearted stathead such as myself must concede that he’s got a fair bit going for him from a traditional standpoint. A five-time All-Star, he’s never finished higher than second in a Cy Young race (he was runner-up to Scherzer in 2016), but he’s played a major role on three World Series winners, namely the 2007 and ’13 Red Sox, and ’16 Cubs. He owns a 4-1 mark and 1.77 ERA in five Fall Classic starts (including the 2007 clincher) and one relief appearance (three big innings in Game 7 for the Cubs), and is 9-7 with a 2.51 ERA in 154 career postseason innings; in those seven losses, his teams have scored a grand total of four runs. At 190 wins, he’s the next pitcher in line to reach 200, and conceivably could clear that milestone even in a shortened season.
The outage will probably cost Lester, who’s headed into his final guaranteed year with the Cubs, his (long) shot at 3,000 strikeouts. He’s at 2,355, and would more or less need to match last year’s 165 strikeouts annually from ages 37-40; doing so would place him in the company of Steve Carlton, Randy Johnson, and CC Sabathia as lefties to reach that milestone, though he’s got a ways to go to match Sabathia’s JAWS (50.9) because he’s thrown over 1,000 fewer innings.
Max Scherzer
With three Cy Youngs, three strikeout titles, and now a championship ring on his resumé, Scherzer’s in good shape for Cooperstown. Given his 170 wins and 2,692 strikeouts, he appears to be two seasons away from the two big milestones that will define the top pitchers of this era. From a JAWS standpoint, he’ll need at least three years to reach the standard (61.6); he’s at 60.1/48.4/54.2, so he’d need 14.7 WAR, though any season of at least 5.7 WAR would boost his peak score. All of that is doable in time, but losing his age-35 season would mean that he needs to remain productive through at least his age-38 year, by which point he could be wearing a different uniform.
Relief pitchers
Aroldis Chapman, Kenley Jansen, and Craig Kimbrel
This trio is all headed into — or is in jeopardy of losing — their age-32 seasons. Kimbrel, the youngest of the three by a few months, holds the active leads in saves (346), WAR (19.6), and Win Probability Added (23.3), but his 2019 season was a lost one. After helping the Red Sox win the World Series amid a rollercoaster of a year, he didn’t sign a new deal until June 7, and threw just 20.2 mostly-dreadful innings for the Cubs while landing on the injured list twice. Signed through 2021, he won’t have to face a frosty free agent market again so soon, but his Hall hopes depend first and foremost on racking up saves; realistically, surpassing Francisco Rodriguez’s 437 to climb to fourth behind Mariano Rivera, Trevor Hoffman, and Lee Smith is probably necessary. Despite his gaudy contract, he won’t have a very long leash to hold down the ninth inning if he similarly struggles during his walk year.
Jansen, who’s second among the group in saves (301) and WPA (21.4) but third in WAR (16.0), is coming off a career-worst season with a 3.71 ERA and eight blown saves. He was looking very good in spring training while mixing more two-seamers and sliders into his cutter-centric diet, and showing more velocity as well, but his rebound is obviously on hold.
Chapman, who’s last within this group with 273 saves and 19.0 WPA but is second with 17.3 WAR, is coming off by far the strongest year of the three (2.22 ERA, 2.28 FIP, 37 saves), and he still has that elite fastball. He has to be seen as the closer with the most momentum from among this trio, though it’s just spitballing to suggest the outage helps or hurts him more than one of the other two. Come Hall time, regardless of what happens this year, he’ll have to overcome the black mark of his 2016 domestic violence suspension. While I’ve yet to hear of a voter using reports of domestic violence to justify excluding Barry Bonds or Andruw Jones — both of whom have other reasons to exclude them — the fact that Chapman served a suspension may differentiate him in that context.
…
Just as Part 2 of this series presented an opportunity to circle back and address the case of Dominic DiMaggio, whom I could have included within Part 1, this time around it’s worth mentioning Bert Blyleven and his relevance to that piece. The focal point of a long battle between old-school and new-school Hall voters — a situation I chronicled in The Cooperstown Casebook — Blyleven lost time to the 1981 strike amid a very strong season (11-7, 127 ERA+, and an AL-best 5.6 WAR); he also made just four starts in 1982 due to elbow surgery, and missed all of 1991 due to rotator cuff surgery.
Without that lost time, it seems quite likely he’d have reached 300 wins and 4,000 strikeouts; as it was, he finished with 287 wins and 3,701 strikeouts, the latter of which still ranks fifth all-time. Blyleven had the misfortune of following half a dozen 300-win contemporaries on the ballot; from 1992 until his election in 2011, no starting pitcher short of that milestone got the nod. Thankfully, his election was merely delayed, not denied, and while the injuries were clearly a bigger factor in missing those aforementioned milestones, the role of the strike shouldn’t be ignored.
Brooklyn-based Jay Jaffe is a senior writer for FanGraphs, the author of The Cooperstown Casebook (Thomas Dunne Books, 2017) and the creator of the JAWS (Jaffe WAR Score) metric for Hall of Fame analysis. He founded the Futility Infielder website (2001), was a columnist for Baseball Prospectus (2005-2012) and a contributing writer for Sports Illustrated (2012-2018). He has been a recurring guest on MLB Network and a member of the BBWAA since 2011, and a Hall of Fame voter since 2021. Follow him on BlueSky @jayjaffe.bsky.social.
I don’t think we’re at the point where people have sufficiently updated their expectations of pitchers in a world where they just don’t throw as much, but they’re going to need to by the time Scherzer is up for the hall of fame or he is really going to struggle (seriously, expecting a 36 year old to put up 6 WAR to get above the floor in JAWS? Not impossible, more likely for Scherzer than most, but still unlikely). In terms of how good Scherzer has been compared to his peers, there’s really no argument against him getting in unless you’re a very very small hall person. But on raw count stats alone, he might not get there.
This is broadly true for everyone above except Verlander. It’s just really stark for Scherzer.
After this year’s iconic start, Scherzer’s plaque in the Hall should have a black eye.
What on earth are you talking about?
Schilling over Clemens?
Sock puppet philly fan is back. So of course schilling over Clemens.
As that parent of a child on the Autism spectrum, that is an extremely offensive name.
Disgusting & disgraceful.
The criteria for pitchers is going to have to change and change rather quickly. It is not just wins but decisions that are going to take a tremendous drop in this new era. deGrom exemplifies it perfectly. He has a record of 21-17 in 64 starts over the past two seasons. In 1940 Bob Feller had 38 decisions(27-11) in 43 starts then followed that up with 38 decisions in 44 starts the next year. Can numbers, of any kind, ever be able to measure the level of greatness. W-L percentage doesn’t look like the answer. Strikeouts should not count. Edwin Diaz showed that this season, albeit with a SSS. I don’t care what numbers Max Scherzer eventually ends with, he IS a Hall of Famer, same with Clayton Kershaw. There is a special something a Hall of Fame player seems to have, Sandy Koufax had it, Don Drysdale had it. Forget the numbers, when these men and a few others took the mound, they were the game that day. These men are the best of their era and have shown it for long enough to pass The I Can’t Put My Finger On It But I Know It When I See It test. Justin Verlander has gone from Should Be In to a LOCK. Just be ready for a lot of Hall of Famers with fewer wins than Sandy Koufax or have a lot of induction ceremonies with no pitchers.
Worth reminding ourselves on Fangraphs that Greinke gains nearly 6 WAR if you add his batting contributions, and is about 5 WAR higher for his pitching WAR on baseball reference. Basically, his case is stronger than if you just looked at his fangraphs player page and saw 60 WAR.
To me Greinke is a lock.
No discussion about Cole Hamels seems like Jay has made his determination. Neither Hamels or Lester need the $ but I could see them evolving into the crafty lefty with mid-80s FB and pitching a long time like a Moyer or Glavine. Cheers and thanks for the articles!
I have a hard time seeing Lester getting close enough for this to matter, but if he does pitch into his early 40s and gets to 58-60 WAR with around 3000 Ks, I would think “also he achieved those borderline career stats after missing a year with cancer” would be a pretty compelling nudge.
Rightly or wrongly, it’s probably going to hurt him that he only finished above 4th once in Cy Young voting. Not having a couple truly marquee seasons to point to feels like a problem when you’re an edge case.
I had not considered Lester but he certainly is borderline. Scherzer, Greinke, Kershaw and verlander are locks – they are the best pitchers of their age. Lester isn’t really that far behind but the loss of this year has to hurt him more than anyone. But if he can stay valuable for a few more years he might get in
Chris sale may be a winner. Will get a pass because of missed season but used it for TJ surgery.
Chris Sale may never pitch again so I’m failing to see how he benefits at all here.
Editing Nit: The sentence below reads very weirdly by burying the proper noun of the sentence all the way at the end. It is particularly confusing when the sentence immediately follows the name of a different pitcher. Perhaps it’s my A-D-D, but I had already left the page to google the number of Cy Young’s Greinke had won before I finished the sentence.
Zack Greinke
Given the numerous milestones and accolades that he’s received over the past three seasons — the championship ring, second Cy Young, third no-hitter, 200th win, and 3,000th strikeout — it’s fair to say that Verlander has punched his ticket to Cooperstown.
Same. I thought to myself, “how have I been sleeping on Greinke all these years?!?”
This series has been great! Two quick questions I have (maybe you will do this as a summary)….
1) Amongst everyone that you listed is there a ranked order of greatest impact? I walk away without a clear sense of who you think is most devastatingly impacted vs merely inconvenienced. I’m only saying this because you admitted ” working alphabetically”.
2) Weird angle… is there anyone whose HOF chances increase? For instance… if everyone’s numbers are going to be depressed does someone like Severino or Sale (who were going to miss time anyways), benefit? I’m trying to think of other situations where this could be the case, but couldn’t.
You might say Albert Pujols. He clearly is a HOF lock, but this year he could possibly put up a negative WAR. His career batting average is currently .300 on the button. He would almost certainly lose that this year, if there is a season.
Pujols is a bad example since he is a HOF lock. But other guys who were on the ballot for a long time probably would have been inducted earlier if not for their late career slop: Don Sutton, Tim Raines, Gaylord Perry.
Pujols has only been putting up negative WAR in recent years due to the ridiculous DH defensive penalty used in WAR, as well as how defense and baserunning are overrated by WAR in general. In reality, he still provides positive value over any 1B/DH the Angels could call up from AAA to replace him.
As for those other guys, I’d imagine the dips in their career rate stats were mostly if not completely nullified in their Hall cases by the extra counting numbers they were able to put up.
We patiently await your revised WAR implementation that “fixes” positional adjustments, base-running and defense.
Watch the Community Blog pages, the Fix is about to Hit the Fans.
Yes the Scale validity article that shows that UZR and DRS measure something besides good defense should be groundbreaking. /measure is just a spreadsheet ranking Yadiel Molina as #1 in our hearts
I accept that individual measures are flawed, less when they produce similar outcomes (aka convergent validity)
He’s slugging .407 over the last 3 years. The Angels don’t have anyone else who can do better than that?
I’d submit the logical article involves racists in MLB and the BBWAA. Let’s start with the unwritten rules of baseball coverage and its fawning over MLB ownership whims. Harold Baines is a good player, unable to play defense, and nothing more or less However as a “hobby ” of a small cabal of drunk voters it is a deciding factor. They didn’t really evaluate Baines as a player, but how well he got along with his masters. Not one resignation from a voting BBWAA voter over this farce.
Several BBWAA voters wrote pablum referring to great Caribbean players as “Minnie” or Bobby” or ignored their actual last names, like the Alous. It was kinda of clever how several writers baited Dick Allen with their vitriol. All BBWAA votes need to be revealed since 1965. The reason to reveal their ballots is that likely the BBWAA is hiding the most politically correct racists of the last 55 years.
Or just ignore the obvious stories. Maybe a story determining if photos of Walter O’Malley gambling heavily in mafia controlled casinos in Havana in 1957 and 1958 also include any other foibles? Or maybe a story about being the racist effects of sending Caribbean and black teenagers of MLB to minor league teams in the deep south in the 1950s? Or maybe the use of “talent scouts” by Griffith and Stoneman in the 1950’s should have lead to any possible prosecutable behavior? Or how about a true examination of the Alabama native Alvin Dark? Or how many owners in the 1940s were racists?
Actually if none of these issues are investigated and exposed, you can continue articles of no value until you are a BBWAA voter.
Really enjoying this set of articles. Not really a missed time case but I’ve always been fascinated by the career of Brian Giles. Only 51.1 career WAR (BRef) but when you look at his career he only got full playing time at age 28 when traded by the Indians to the Pirates. I’d thought he was another example of a late bloomer but when looking at his early career and minor league stats it looks like he was an incredibly talented player on the wrong team at the wrong time. Those Indian teams were stacked. Manny Ramirez, Thome, Albert Belle, Lofton, Sandy Alomar all coming out of the farm system. While they acquired guys like Eddie Murray, Dave Justice, Matt Williams. Because of this Giles couldn’t get anything like steady ABs till he was 27 and even then it was really part-time with the Tribe. And it wasn’t like he was struggling in the minors. He slashed .327 /.409 /.452 while striking out less than he walked as a 22-year-old at AA. Then followed it up at AAA 313 / .390 /.479, of course, he struck out 61 times versus 55 BB so the Indians sent his punk ass back to repeat the level. The next year he hit .310 / .395 / .501 and he got those Ks under control with 54 Walks to 40. As a reward, the Indians gave him a cup of coffee in 1995 during which he hit .355 / .434 / .612. But that wasn’t enough to crack that team’s lineup and Giles shuttled back and forth between the minors until finally traded to the Pirates in 1999. It didn’t help his career stats when the backend of his career got smothered by that hitter’s hell of a park in San Diego. I’ve just always wondered what his career would have looked like if he’d been with a different org and cracked the majors for a fulltime gig at 22-23 rather than 28. That he still generated over 50 WAR, and without a great glove contributing, is actually pretty impressive.