San Diego Padres Top 25 Prospects

Below is an analysis of the prospects in the farm system of the San Diego Padres. Scouting reports were compiled with information provided by industry sources as well as my own observations. This is the sixth year we’re delineating between two anticipated relief roles, the abbreviations for which you’ll see in the “position” column below: MIRP for multi-inning relief pitchers, and SIRP for single-inning relief pitchers. The ETAs listed generally correspond to the year a player has to be added to the 40-man roster to avoid being made eligible for the Rule 5 draft. Manual adjustments are made where they seem appropriate, but we use that as a rule of thumb.
A quick overview of what FV (Future Value) means can be found here. A much deeper overview can be found here.
All of the ranked prospects below also appear on The Board, a resource the site offers featuring sortable scouting information for every organization. It has more details (and updated TrackMan data from various sources) than this article and integrates every team’s list so readers can compare prospects across farm systems. It can be found here.
| Rk | Name | Age | Highest Level | Position | ETA | FV |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ethan Salas | 19.9 | AA | C | 2028 | 50 |
| 2 | Kash Mayfield | 21.2 | A+ | SP | 2029 | 45+ |
| 3 | Miguel Mendez | 23.8 | AA | SIRP | 2027 | 45 |
| 4 | Bradgley Rodriguez | 22.5 | MLB | SIRP | 2027 | 45 |
| 5 | Jorge Quintana | 19.1 | A | 3B | 2030 | 40+ |
| 6 | Kruz Schoolcraft | 19.0 | A | SP | 2030 | 40+ |
| 7 | Lan-Hong Su | 19.2 | R | SP | 2031 | 40+ |
| 8 | Tucker Musgrove | 24.2 | A+ | SIRP | 2028 | 40+ |
| 9 | Bryan Balzer | 21.5 | A | SIRP | 2028 | 40 |
| 10 | Jhoan De La Cruz | 18.5 | R | SS | 2031 | 40 |
| 11 | Ty Harvey | 19.8 | A | C | 2031 | 40 |
| 12 | Michael Salina | 22.2 | R | SIRP | 2029 | 40 |
| 13 | Ryan Wideman | 22.5 | A | CF | 2029 | 40 |
| 14 | Kannon Kemp | 21.7 | A | SP | 2029 | 40 |
| 15 | Kale Fountain | 20.7 | A | RF | 2029 | 40 |
| 16 | Truitt Madonna | 19.1 | A | C | 2030 | 40 |
| 17 | Jase Bowen | 25.7 | AAA | CF | 2026 | 35+ |
| 18 | Luis Gutierrez | 22.7 | AAA | MIRP | 2026 | 35+ |
| 19 | Garrett Hawkins | 26.2 | AAA | SIRP | 2026 | 35+ |
| 20 | Jagger Haynes | 23.6 | AA | MIRP | 2026 | 35+ |
| 21 | Joniel Hernandez | 17.1 | R | SS | 2032 | 35+ |
| 22 | Alex McCoy | 24.2 | A+ | LF | 2029 | 35+ |
| 23 | Josh Mallitz | 24.5 | AA | MIRP | 2027 | 35+ |
| 24 | Lamar King Jr. | 22.4 | A+ | C | 2029 | 35+ |
| 25 | Isaiah Lowe | 23.0 | A+ | MIRP | 2027 | 35+ |
Other Prospects of Note
Grouped by type and listed in order of preference within each category.
Humberto Cruz
Humberto Cruz, RHP
Cruz faces an uncertain future. Not only is he out for the season while recovering from an internal brace procedure, but he’s also been placed on the restricted list. The Padres haven’t given many details about the nature of the placement, saying only that “Humberto Cruz has been placed on the restricted list. We have no further comment at this time as it is a pending legal matter” in a statement issued to MadFriars; the league has not issued a suspension. Among other things, he will not have access to Padres facilities as he completes his rehab. It sounds like this might be a career-altering setback, and for all intents and purposes, he has no trade value right now.
On talent, Cruz was one of the best arms in the ACL last summer. He’s lean and athletic, with a mid-90s fastball, an above-average slider, and a projectable change. His body control and command projection are starter quality, and his short and clean arm stroke portends further development of his changeup. The big question (well, from a talent perspective, anyway) is whether he can throw harder. Cruz sat 92-96 and touched 97 with his fastball, but was generally near the bottom of that range; it was a similar story with his 82-86 mph slider. Naturally, both pitches are more effective at the top of the band, and if he’s able to live up there, he’s got mid-rotation upside. Just a teenager, Cruz has time to fill out and pick up a few ticks naturally as he gets stronger and puts in his time in the weight room. We’re in a holding pattern on all of that for at least a year, however, and possibly for a while after.
Reliever Beach
Misael Tamarez, RHP
Omar Cruz, LHP
Cole Paplham, RHP
Andrew Moore, RHP
Sean Barnett, RHP
Harry Gustin, LHP
Francis Peña, RHP
Manuel Castro, RHP
Luis Germán, RHP
Tamarez first reached Triple-A in 2022. He was converted full-time to relief last year and appears to have started leaning more on his four-seamer this season. He runs the pitch into the triple digits and if he had a better breaking ball or average control, he’d have a blurb on the main section. He looks like a lower-end optionable reliever. Cruz debuted last year. He’s an up-down lefty with a good changeup but a light repertoire otherwise, and not enough strikes to trust in anything other than low-leverage settings. Paplham is a sinker-slider reliever who has touched 100 and flashed a plus slider, but he’s been besieged by injuries throughout his career, most notably by a comebacker that him in the face last spring.
Moore sits in the mid-90s with an above-average curveball. His delivery looks fluid to the eye, but he’s walked nearly seven per nine in his career, and everything but the curve got hit hard last year. The arm strength and breaking ball give him a path to mid-relief value. Barnett was a two-way player out of Wingate, the same school that produced Mitch Farris. He was a more interesting prospect on the mound, as he touched 98 with good feel for spin, but he’s been erratic in games. Gustin’s a lefty with average stuff and control, and those types tend to get a shot. The way his curveball pops out of the hand and drops into the zone is aesthetically pleasing. Peña is a sinker-slider reliever who sits in the mid-90s and upper 80s with those offerings respectively. Neither is plus, and Peña’s control backed up at Triple-A last year to the point that he’s been sent back to Double-A to begin 2026. Castro is a 5-foot-8 reliever at Double-A San Antonio. He has a plus curveball and sits 93-94. Germán has a 70 fastball but has never thrown strikes.
Grass Dwellers
Braedon Karpathios, OF
Tirso Ornelas, OF
Nick Schnell, OF
Kavares Tears, OF
Carlos Rodriguez, OF
Kasen Wells, CF
Qrey Lott, OF
Karpathios is an upright hitter with above-average power, but he needs a long, indirect swing to generate it, and his ability to make contact has collapsed at Double-A. Ornelas has long projected as a platoon corner outfielder, but despite several swing adjustments, he’s never found a way to bring his above-average raw power into games. He’s a depth option in his current form. Schnell has power and speed, but a long swing and far too much swing-and-miss to profile. He’s performing in El Paso and could help for a stretch if he gets hot at the right time. Tears has a chance to develop plus raw power. He isn’t getting to it in games, however, and that mixed with a ton of strikeouts at the A-ball levels shades him down into this tier. Rodriguez is a light-hitting, contact-oriented outfielder who can cover center. Wells matches that description, but is younger and further away from the big leagues. Lott was an undrafted free agent who signed out of a Florida JUCO last year. He’s athletic and has power, but he’s really raw.
Dirt Dwellers
Romeo Sanabria, 1B
Blake Hunt, C
Bradley Frye, INF
Marcos Castañon, INF
Jose Verdugo, INF
Sanabria has average power and has at times looked like a bench bat prospect. In 726 Double-A plate appearances, he has a .359 slugging percentage, and he’s not particularly young for the level anymore. Hunt is a fringy defender with plus power. He was phantom’d a couple of years ago and offers more with the bat than plenty of second stringers at the big league level. An oblique strain has kept him out so far this year. Frye was an undrafted free agent out of Mercer. He has a sinewy frame and is Lake Elsinore’s hottest hitter out of the gate. He’s a sleeper with a late-bloomer chance as he fills out. Castañon is a 27-year-old bat-first depth infielder from UC Santa Barbara. He has bat speed but no real defensive position, and he’s chase prone. Verdugo is a tiny middle infielder who produced in the DSL last summer. The Padres challenged him with an assignment to Low-A, where he’s treading water.
Length Options
Evan Fitterer, RHP
Victor Lizarraga, RHP
Carlos Alvarez, LHP
Jaxon Dalena, RHP
Jesus A. Castro, RHP
Fitterer is working in a hybrid role at Triple-A. His mid-90s fastball is categorized as a four-seamer despite an anomalous eight inches of vertical break. His secondaries are functional, but there’s no out pitch here. Lizarraga spins a nice curve and has at times had a depth starter projection here, but his walks have spiked in recent years as upper-level hitters have forced him to nibble with his soft stuff. Alvarez signed for $1 million in the 2025 international class, a real bounty for a pitcher in that market. He’s a projectable 6-foot-4 with low-90s velo and an advanced breaking ball for his age. He walked 31 hitters in 23 innings across 11 starts in his debut DSL season. Dalena is another small-school two-way guy who has found his way to the mound with the Padres. He touches the mid-90s with ride and a projectable curve. He’s on the shelf to begin 2026. Castro is a short righty out of Mexico. He performed in the DSL and gets plus tail on his sinker. From there, it’s pitchability over stuff.
Complexes
Isaac Ponce, C
Deivid Coronil, SS
Yimy Tovar, SS
Yoesmerli Beltre, RHP
Luis Maracara, RHP
Diego Serna, LHP
Erick Batista, RHP
In the 2023-24 international classes, the Padres allocated more than 98% of their budget toward Ethan Salas, Leo De Vries, and Humberto Cruz. For obvious reasons, the complexes have looked a little light lately. Ponce repeated the DSL last year, where he hit six homers and posted a 112 wRC+. He’s posted 1.9 pop times in extended, but his blocking and receiving are less advanced. Coronil signed for $900,000 in the 2025 international class. He had a little prospect helium heading into last season, but didn’t hit a lick in the DSL. Tovar was my favorite of the $10,000 position players on the complex last year, a shortstop with barrel feel and good hands, if not quite enough range or pop to dream on more than a utility player someday. You won’t get rich betting on complex relievers, but Beltre performed in the DSL last year and is up to 97; his slider needs work. Maracara was very young for the ACL last year, where he struggled to throw strikes. He doesn’t have much arm strength, but he has the fluidity to project on his command, and he’s shown Eric an above-average change and projectable curve. The Padres seem to sign the best pitcher coming out of Mexico every year, usually from the Diablos Rojos program, and they’ve done it again with Serna, who is a little more filled out than some of his predecessors. He’ll bump 90 mph with life and throws a ton of strikes. Batista is a small righty with an upper-90s fastball and good feel to spin, but no history of throwing strikes.
System Overview
There isn’t a whole lot to add, right? A.J. Preller has run the show here for more than a decade now, and the club’s strengths and weaknesses under his stewardship are common knowledge. The Padres have the thinnest system in baseball for obvious reasons. The combination of several big swings on the trade market and a tendency to bet big on one or two players in Latin America has crushed the organization’s depth, particularly at the lower levels. You may quibble with the execution on some of those trades or signings — the Mason Miller for Leo De Vries and friends swap last summer was a particularly high-stakes move — but both strategies are reasonable for a team in San Diego’s win-now position. A shallow farm is simply the cost of staying competitive when you’ve got a veteran-laden team late in its competitive window.
For years now, the Padres have had one of the game’s strongest scouting operations. They’re relentless in both the amateur and pro spaces, and prior to going all-in on Juan Soto, they’d assembled one of the best farm systems in the game. When winter comes to San Diego, as it surely must at some point, new ownership will have to weigh the impulse to shake up the front office with the current regime’s history of finding and acquiring talent.
If there’s a criticism to level at the group it’s that for a team with a long history of good scouting, the Padres are light on diamonds in the rough at the moment. There are a few undrafted free agents and $10,000 international signings listed above but not a ton, particularly given how many roster spots the Pads are able to dedicate to flier types at the lower levels. San Diego has historically not developed well, and that’s part of the problem here too, but the coaching staffs haven’t been given much to work with lately. In a similar vein, if you look at the club’s big league contributors, they’re almost all former big-dollar signees and veterans gathered from elsewhere. It feels like it’s been a long time since the club snuck a Jake Cronenworth from somewhere, and there don’t seem to be many candidates on the horizon.
Brendan covers prospects and the minor leagues for FanGraphs. Previously he worked as a Pro Scout for the Pittsburgh Pirates.
Kale Fountain? I ordered a chocolate fountain!!
That’s the dessert at the worst wedding ever!
He had one of the better names in the 2024 draft. I put him behind Sir Jameson Jones and Dub Gleed and just barely ahead of Jon Jon Gazdar And Kash Mayfield. But depending on your preferences you could put him a slot higher or lower.
(I don’t know where to put Jurrangelo Cijntje at all)
The Padres have actually done really well in this area now that I think of it. Mostly it is unusual names that start with K (Kale Fountain, Kruz Schoolcraft, Kash Mayfield, Kavares Tears, Kannon Kemp). But Boston Bateman has a nice ring to it, Cobb Hightower and Truitt Madonna stand out, and Bradgley Rodriguez and Jagger Haynes get points for just being weird.
An absolutely loaded draft class of names. Sir Jamison Jones has a parental pride to rival Amon-Ra St. Brown.
Some names of the 2026 draft.
My favorites: Savion Sims, LJ Mercurious, Drew Titsworth, Stone Lawless, and Jorvorskie Lane.
It’s always tricky trying to find the best names of a draft before it happens because there are always guys you haven’t heard of. I’ve heard of a third of them if I’m lucky.
But Stone Lawless is an 80 grade name.
My #2 is easily Rookie Shepard.
I also really hope Rocco Maniscalso makes it, not because I think the name is “weird” but because it’s going to be fantastic to say. Italian names are great.
I’d put Savion Sims in a similar category, it’s going to be great to say.
I like Blake Morningstar too. And Jet Berry, for reasons I cannot explain.
Wessley Roberson gets a nod in the “unusual spellings” department. Also Phinn Beaird. And Mavrick Rizy (what?!).
Please tell me Rocco is a Royal so he can play with Vinnie and Jac
I think he is still 16!
Either they would need to cut a big deal with him at #6 or float him down to #30, and it doesn’t feel like either one is particularly likely. But who knows.
If Titsworth is even passable as a big leaguer he’ll have the most populous jersey on the closest college campus since Fukudome (trust me, I was there).
Son of former Dolphins and Buccaneers fullback Jorvorskie Lane??
Oh man. From Brendan’s recent chats, it was clear they were still going to be in on Salas. I guess I’ll remain one of the doubters, though I’m hardly rooting against the guy. Catchers are probably the hardest players to project, but for right now the sample size feels so small to me that even with good metrics, the injuries and underperformance give me pause. I dunno, Amaya for example had years of being a plus bat in the minors, and it took him a long time to get established; he arguably still isn’t. Of course, if Salas’ defense is as advertised, that helps a lot (very different player), but as we’re seeing with players like Patrick Bailey, that can go south in a hurry.
Young catchers are almost as risky as pitchers, so there are going to be huge error bars. He could still become a star on both sides of the ball. Or he could be a backup catcher with good defense. I think the latter is more probable than the former, but as I led with, there are pretty wide error bars.
Yeah, especially this young, too. I guess Bailey was also a 50. It just feels like even if he is the best catcher in baseball, the bottom can fall out quick if he doesn’t hit. He might! But the injuries and years of struggles make this a tough sell as the best prospect in the system.
A 19 year old whose defense is so special that we’re calling “MLB backup” his floor is exactly why he’s still a 50.
I think he has the largest possible range of outcomes among position player prospects right now, and potentially for several years.
Unless the Padres trade him, they will absolutely keep promoting him even if he struggles because they are desperate for help. The possibility that he ends up not hitting at all like Kevin Cash and posts a career negative fWAR is real. Especially since fielding grades are hard to get right.
Also, he’s got 55 raw / 55 game / 70 field / 60 arm grades as a catcher which is something like a 4+ win player. Think Matt Wieters before he got hurt. Even with the early decline for catchers, he’s so young he could put up 15+ WAR easily before the end of his team control years. That’s just if he plays to his grades, not if he exceeds him.
The context is important too, I think. Salas was incredible as a 17-year old in half a season at low A, then was rushed to high A near the end of the season, then AA for some reason. He struggled offensively as an 18-year-old in high A (4+ years younger than the typical age there), then had a season lost to injury as a 19-year-old in AA.
This is a very unusual path for any prospect to follow, but particularly a teenage catching prospect. He has underperformed, but many catching prospects his age are still in rookie ball or are just now reaching low A, with their defense in particular still a work in progress.
Everything about Salas’ development has been unusual, so I’m fine with 50’ing him. The brakes have already been pumped on him as a super prospect, and I’m fine with him being viewed as a merely good prospect at this point.
I don’t think Ethan Salas and Miguel Amaya are comparable prospects tbh. Part of the calculus with Salas is how aggressively he’s been promoted and how young he still is.
I definitely don’t think those two are comparable bats. Salas had one of the best swings I’ve seen on an IFA at any position and Amaya had scouts pronouncing him a slider-speed bat who would struggle with mlb velo.
Yes, but what about his defensive skills
Wow only 25 prospects of note. This is a very shallow system
Tied with the Mariners for the fewest of any of these lists, but the Mariners at least make up for that with extreme top-heaviness, 7 50 or 55 FV prospects to the Padres just having Ethan Salas.
No no no that cannot be correct.
Time has ceased to have any meaning. Ethan Salas is only 19, Chris Sale is 37, Rougned Odor is 32. Ken Griffey Jr’s nickname is still “The Kid” and he’s 56. Please send something to anchor me in time, I can’t tell what year this is.
Odor is only 32 and has been out of the game for years? Dude. I really thought he was going to be star when he smacked 30+ homers while playing solid 2B defense at age 22.
Are we sure it’s the Rougned Odor that hit 30 homers and punched–but did not knock down–Jose Bautista, and not his brother Rougned Odor, or his other brother Rougned Odor? Matter of fact it could be his other other brother, Rougned Odor that’s now 32.
And can any of these brothers Rougned knock any of the Joses Bautista down with a clean right hook?
I’m seriously trying to remember if the Padres signed him when he was 12. I’m also 91% certain I’ve been reading Jasson Dominguez profiles since like 2006.
I’m fascinated by what a contending Padres club does this deadline. They will clearly want to add, but could you construct something like a second base trade (Abrams?) out of this prospect list + major league pieces? I’m not sure.
Prellar will have to get creative, but he’s of course extremely good at that, so who knows what sort of whacky trade course this team charts over the next few months
It’s possible they could get creative sending out a surplus reliever they don’t need and swinging a 3 team trade where SD gets position player help, another good team gets a SD reliever, and a third bad team provides the position player and gets prospects from the non-SD good team. But I don’t know how likely such a trade would be.
Salas and Kash Mayfield are basically the only two prospects anyone would want here.
Abrams’ trade value is a total mystery to me because (1) he’s got a 50 point gap in wRC+ between how he’s hitting this year and his career wRC+ and (2) I don’t think anyone would consider trading for him as a shortstop despite only having something like 170 professional innings at other positions.
But despite that, I think Salas and Mayfield are not going to be enough. They turned the Giants down for a package built around either Josuar Gonzalez or Jhonny Level (and maybe both?), and it doesn’t seem like he has worse trade value now than he did then. I don’t know who matches that price in-season because a lot of the more aggressive front offices with holes at second base are playing terribly, so maybe this is an offseason trade situation.
They could cobble together enough from outside of Salas/Mayfield to trade for a decent reliever probably, but ironically that this the one thing the big league team absolutely doesn’t need.
This is more or less what happened last year when they wound up trading for Mason Miller. They couldn’t find a starter they liked, so they pivoted and built a bullpen of doom.
If you’re likely to make the playoffs anyway, it’s a decent move. It’s not totally implausible that they could stand to improve by then anyway. Jason Adam is still rounding into shape, Bradley Rodriguez is not going to keep this up, and Jeremiah Estrada is struggling.
Antonio Senzatela maybe?
Could be several teams out there really in on Mendez
Feels like the kind of guy the Padres would want in their bullpen. They might value him more than others.
I think if you squint enough you can sell yourself on Mendez/Quintana/McCoy’s upside. All have big risk for a wide range of reasons but with Mendez you are looking at premium velo+ a good slider (though I will say though he has 70 FB velo the fb plays below that because of the shape, if you could find a way to get more rise out of the fastball he can really take off).
McCoy posts great exit velos for his age and is a solid athlete, the risk is of course the plate discipline/hit tool combo.
Quintana has a really high defensive upside, and has shown decent enough exit velo’s. There is a path to him being a 70 defender at a premium position and a average bat, of course the most likely outcome is he just won’t hit enough.
Also you could add in Kruz just cause of age, though his FB velo has been all over the place, maybe if you clean up delivery some he can flash upper 90s fb with a + changeup. His big issue is he just can’t seem to spin the ball tho
I think the Padres are likely to target a starter based on the state of their rotation anyway, although I don’t have a clue who would even be available though. Maybe Kevin Gausman or Shane Bieber if the Blue Jays wind up as sellers, which right now seems unlikely. After them, we have…Clay Holmes? Robbie Ray?
It really depends on what happens with Musgrove, Canning, Giolito and Pivetta. King and Vasquez and 2 of the first 4 guys would be a workable rotation, especially if they are only expected to go 5 innings because of the bullpen.
I think regardless Padres will target a starter if nothing else to cover the injury risk of the top 3 of their rotation (which 2 are currently injured for). Now the quality of that starter could be in question, in theory they may have new payroll $ available given recent sale but who knows.
Obviously a terrible farm. 1 guy I will say I am higher on is Alex McCoy, the likelihood that he is nothing is strong, however his tail end outcomes are special. He’s a 19 year old already posting special exit velocities, and is a quick twitch athlete. All that being said his risk is high not just cause of how far away he is but also because he’s got a bad hit tool/bad plate discipline.
But if there is a guy after salas to post a 4+ fWAR season it is him
McCoy is 24.
But I do still think he’s much higher in this org.
MIL: 309.5
DET: 291
NYM: 277.5
STL: 275
CLE: 268
LAD: 248
WSH: 242
SEA: 241.5
CHWS: 197
Tex: 192.5
TOR: 179.5
CIN: 174
AZ: 171
KCR: 171
Col: 160
PHI: 158.5
A’s: 145
NYY: 142.5
LAA: 121
ATL: 114.5
SDP: 72.5
Hou: 68
I’m a little surprised San Diego just edges Houston as I thought Houston’s (relative) depth would have been enough. But I guess when both ratings are this low, it’s splitting hairs at this point which system is worse.
Qualitatively, I think the Padres system is worse, mostly because I think that Salas has a lot more downside risk than a normal 50.
Going by prospect values, Houston having more 45’s and 40+’s and a top-end that’s less pitcher-heavy almost catches them up to the big head start San Diego has from having one single 50 FV hitter- count only the 40+ and better guys and the Padres are at $55 million to the Astros’ $54 million- but the Padres have more 40 FV prospects, and that’s enough to keep them in the lead
(I also found this surprising)
Keep in mind with this that I have not eliminated prospect graduates. So they are not fully accurate.
A worthwhile endeavor (eliminating the graduates) after all the systems are published. And then you’ll have the 2026 draftees to add in!
Didn’t Cronenworth come from Tampa Bay? Something like that is possible.
They can still trade from the top for pitchers. Sonny Gray and Freddy Peralta could become available. Kris Bubic also.
1B/DH should be cheaper but if they want to aim high there’s Yordan Alvarez and Moises Ballesteros. Isaac Paredes and Bo Bichette exist.
The team is old. They can trade 5 guys from this list without massive regret
Bichette’s contract with the Mets includes a no-trade clause but I wonder if that’ll be an impasse at all the way things have gone there.
Thank you for making me google a picture of Kash Mayfield.
Legit question, do sports books have betting on minor league games? That’s immediately where my mind went on the Cruz blurb. To be clear, this is purely my mind running wild, I have zero information about what’s really going on. I’m just imagining that if you can get Emmanuel Clase to piss away his career for a few thousand bucks on some rigged pitches, the risk for minor leaguers must be extraordinary.
Highly doubt Clase did that without pressure from another source
Wait which Cruz what did I miss in the blurb?
Humberto Cruz in the first non-graded prospect in the system. Restricted list with the only details being “a legal matter.” IMO if he got caught working with gamblers that is probably one of the less awful outcomes here. I saw that and thought it was more along the lines of Wander Franco.
Obviously, he’s higher than he’d be in a typical org that hadn’t emptied its farm, but Bradgley Rodriguez is one of my favorite young relievers. You don’t see many FB/change guys, and the grade is earned.
the first time I’ve ever done a google image search for someone’s neck