Riley O’Brien, Best of Both Worlds

Jeff Curry-Imagn Images

In pitching, there’s a fundamental tension between the two best results you can obtain: strikeouts and grounders. Strikeouts are obviously the best, but grounders are incredible too. Batters put up a .232 wOBA when they hit the ball on the ground, as compared to .462 in the air (popups are another category of good batted ball, but I’m lumping them in with aerial contact today for simplicity’s sake). The thing is, the pitches that induce strikeouts tend not to induce grounders, and vice versa. Sinkers don’t miss bats, and four-seamers don’t keep the ball on the ground. It’s quite the bind.

There are, of course, pitchers who can do both. Nolan McLean springs to mind. There’s peak Zack Britton, Framber Valdez at his curve-spinning best, some good Cristopher Sánchez games perhaps. For the most part, though, it’s really hard to do both. I came up with a simple rule to measure how good pitchers were at it last year: divide grounders by two, add strikeouts, subtract walks, and divide by total batters faced. Aroldis Chapman, Jhoan Duran, and Andrew Kittredge paced the league in it last year, with Shohei Ohtani and Mason Miller rounding out the top five. Those guys were all incredibly effective.

It’s early in the season, of course, but do you know who’s leading baseball in this ratio in 2026? Well, it’s Mason Miller. Oops. I guess breaking baseball will do that. If you’re striking out 70% of the guys you face, of course you’ll lead this measure. But the only other player above 50%? That’d be Riley O’Brien, the new Cardinals closer, who has been one of the best stories in baseball so far this year.

If you’re not familiar with O’Brien’s work, that’s okay. Before 2025, he wasn’t all that notable: 10.1 career innings pitched, a 9.26 FIP, and more than a walk an inning. He was twice DFA’ed (by the Reds and Mariners); the Cardinals acquired him from Seattle for cash. But in 2025, O’Brien turned a corner. He cut his walk rate to a manageable 11.1%, ran an unsustainably low .252 BABIP, and posted a 2.06 ERA (3.61 FIP) over 48 innings of work. After St. Louis moved Ryan Helsley at the deadline, he even joined the team’s closer committee, finishing with six saves.

O’Brien is a great example of the tradeoff between grounders and strikeouts. He’s sinker-dominant, sitting 97-99 with excellent movement. He mixes in two versions of a slider, a hard one and a sweeping one, depending on who he’s facing. For the most part, though, it’s sinkers for breakfast, lunch, and dinner. He’s thrown the pitch 60% of the time this year, a career high, and it’s running a juicy 75% groundball rate (his career mark is 62%). If you want to keep the ball on the ground, this is a great way to do it.

If you want to strike guys out, this plan makes substantially less sense. Sinkers don’t miss bats. O’Brien’s own past is a great example of that. Even last year, when he took a huge step forward, his strikeout rate was 22.6%, roughly league average. Again, he was still plenty good. You don’t have to strike the world out to be a good reliever, so long as you don’t let opponents hit home runs. Grounders are great!

I’ve mentioned that O’Brien is throwing more sinkers this year. Now let’s just take a quick peek at his strikeout rate to see how much it plummeted, and… Wait, what?

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Riley O’Brien’s Continuous Improvement
Year K% BB% GB% SwStr% Whiff%
2024 23.9% 17.4% 38.5% 9.8% 24.7%
2025 22.6% 11.1% 54.1% 10.9% 24.4%
2026 33.3% 0.0% 69.0% 13.5% 28.9%

Yeah, O’Brien is going full Britton at the moment. He has a career-high groundball rate. He has a career-high strikeout rate and a career-low walk rate. It’s only been 13 games, but it’s been a phenomenal 13 games. He’s never had a stretch this good in any of those three categories, let alone all three at once.

How’s he doing it? First and foremost, he’s throwing a hellacious sinker, one that’s meaningfully better than it was a few years ago. Take a look at the pitch metrics below, as well as our two models’ opinions of the offering. He’s changed the shape in a way I personally think is good, and he’s also learned to locate it far better:

Riley O’Brien, Selected Sinker Metrics
Year Velo H-Break (in) V-Break (in) PB Stuff PB Command PB Overall S+ Stuff S+ Command S+ Overall
2024 96.8 -10.1 4.7 64 34 46 120 75 96
2025 98 -9.5 3.7 61 45 50 104 98 104
2026 98.1 -10.4 3.1 64 56 60 112 119 132

The models have always liked O’Brien’s sinker shape, but they’re both a lot more interested in his locations in 2026 than they were in the past. Sometimes, it’s tough to figure out what pitching models see when it comes to location. But in O’Brien’s case, it definitely isn’t. Here’s where he located his sinker in 0-0 counts in 2024 and 2025:

That’s a 52 command grade, basically average. On the first pitch of an at-bat, hitting the zone is key. Here’s where he’s throwing his sinker to start batters out in 2026:

Ah. That’s a 71 command grade, with no real blemishes; few wasted pitches, few meatballs. Meanwhile, when he got to two strikes, he let hitters off the hook too often, whether by grooving one or missing badly:

If you’re keeping score at home, PitchingBot loved the raw physical shape of these two-strike sinkers, hated the location, and thus gave them an average grade overall. Now take a look at his two-strike locations in 2026:

The stuff is essentially the same, but these locations are comically better than the old ones. Very few bad misses in the center to go with fewer wasted pitches? It sounds too good to be true. Given how few dots there are in those plots, it’s easy to understand how fleeting this may yet prove to be. But for now? It’s pretty darn great.

Now, some of the value of these great locations comes from ending the at-bat right there. O’Brien has thrown 29 two-strike sinkers and gotten nine strikeouts, which is an 86th-percentile putaway rate. But more importantly, he’s transitioned away from doing one of the worst things you can do as a pitcher: give your opponent something to hit when they’re behind in the count.

In 2025, batters hit .350 with an xBA of .363 when they made contact with one of O’Brien’s two-strike sinkers. That’s a complete disaster, to put it mildly. I enjoy this Baseball Savant view of it. Here’s where opponents tagged his two-strike sinkers in 2025:

Here’s where they’re putting them in play in 2026:

You don’t have to be a data scientist to see that the second picture is better than the first. Nothing center cut, nothing elevated; the average launch angle on those balls is a goofy -11 degrees. It’s small sample season, no doubt, but that’s still exceptional.

Normally, this would be the part in the article where I show you how O’Brien’s other pitches have complemented this improvement in sinker command. There’s just one problem: That hasn’t happened. He’s doing a worse job locating his slider and sweeper than in prior years. Our models concur that they’re both down a hair in stuff. He’s converting fewer two-strike breaking balls into outs than he did in 2025. You can’t look at his secondaries and find any trace of improvement. They were already solid, and they remain solid, nothing more. The sinker is where the change has come.

This seems like it should be too good to be true. All O’Brien did is start throwing his sinker to better locations? But honestly, basically yes. As it turns out, command is monumentally important when it comes to results. Stuff is stable. If you can spin the ball, if you can throw it hard, if your arm slot creates deception, those things remain true pretty much every time you throw the ball. Command isn’t like that. It’s hugely variable. The best pitchers in baseball throw horribly located pitches. The worst pitchers in baseball dot the corner at the perfect time every now and again. This makes me a little worried about O’Brien’s performance, in that his improvement comes exclusively from a category that is much less stable than most of the things I use to predict performance. But on the other hand, there are good reasons to assume that O’Brien’s command is a true change in talent level.

O’Brien didn’t start throwing a sinker until joining the Mariners in 2022. He transitioned to the bullpen at the same time, increasing his velocity by around 4 mph in the process, and he continued to throw harder as he acclimated to life as a reliever. Even though he’s 31, most of his time in professional baseball scarcely prepared him for his current form. He was a soft-tossing starter who mixed a four-seam fastball, a curveball, and a changeup. Now he throws three completely different pitches, and his current slider moves faster than his old heater. His walk rate spiked when he started throwing a sinker, because he simply couldn’t command it. It’s reasonable to expect some kind of learning curve when it comes to location. He’s gotten better every year, and even if he backslides from his current elite form in the second half of 2026, there’s no reason to expect him to fall all the way off. After all, improving continuously for years is a good sign that continual improvement will continue.

I obviously don’t think that O’Brien is as good as his 2026 statline – he has a 0.00 ERA. But I do think that he’s a great example of the old adage that many relievers could be dominant if they could figure out where the ball is going. I mean, come on. This guy touches 101 with a demonic fastball, one that averages 3.5 more inches of drop than the average high-velo sinker. His slider, the one I described as unchanged from last year? It’s a 92-mph slider! His sweeper breaks 17 inches. When you get right down to it, O’Brien’s raw stuff looks like a natural fit in a closing role. That’s true of many relievers these days. But for a lot of those guys, the devil is in the ability to locate that nasty stuff. O’Brien was a clear example of this in the past. Now he’s an example of how quickly someone can go from intriguing to undeniable.





Ben is a writer at FanGraphs. He can be found on Bluesky @benclemens.

28 Comments
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bdenglerMember since 2016
6 months ago

Great, great article. I can use the information in this article to help evaluate pitchers in the future. You took a subject I find difficult and put it in terms I can understand. I cannot be the only person who is glad you wrote this. Thanks.

waitzsauceMember since 2023
6 months ago

Grandson of one of the O’Brien twins immortalized by Effectively Wild

JayMember since 2023
6 months ago

Great article. He’d be a fascinating trade candidate if the Cardinals are sellers as expected. He still has 3 years of control after this. But he’s 31 without much track record. I’d be very curious to see how teams value him if he’s still pitching like a top reliever at the deadline.

compucles
6 months ago
Reply to  Jay

The Cardinals have a top heavy bullpen as it is. They’re not trading one of their few good relievers who has over 3 years of control left, especially if they trade Romero as expected.

gydemeMember since 2020
6 months ago
Reply to  compucles

They may because of his age–all depends on the return though. JoJo, despite feeling like an ancient journeyman, is 29 to O’Briens 31. The 3 years of team control is juicy, but if the right contender values that higher than you do it’ll be worth taking the risk finding another O’Brien in the dustbin

Lanidrac
6 months ago
Reply to  gydeme

The age is a consideration, but they would still have to be blown away to trade him, as the Cardinals do otherwise value those three years of control more highly. Even if he starts to decline, he’ll probably still be better for the 2028 and 2029 teams (when they expect to seriously compete again) than anyone they could get in trade for him. A bird in hand is worth two in the bush, after all.

airforce21oneMember since 2026
6 months ago
Reply to  Lanidrac

The guy has like 20 good innings pitched. Let’s all slow down a bit here

sadtromboneMember since 2020
6 months ago
Reply to  compucles

Always
Be
Trading
Relievers

Jon SealsMember since 2018
6 months ago
Reply to  compucles

Then again, if a team offers something good …

GarageCatMember since 2023
6 months ago
Reply to  Jay

Even better for the Cardinals, I believe he’s got four years of team control after this one (he only had 1 year, 129 days of service time entering 2026). I imagine the Cardinals will listen to trade offers, but the price will be steep because of that control: RO’B could be a part of the next good Cardinals bullpen. They don’t have to move him.

Of course, it could be in their best interest to, since relievers are so volatile. It’s going to be an interesting deadline

gydemeMember since 2020
6 months ago
Reply to  GarageCat

I’d not build a future bullpen around O’Brien if only because he is 31

GarageCatMember since 2023
6 months ago
Reply to  gydeme

Sure, but the bullpen doesn’t need to be built around him for him to be a part of it. The Cardinals are going to try to compete next year, and certainly in 2028. He’ll only have just turned 33 then and still have three more years of team control.

There’s no pressing need to trade him, but they’d probably do it for the right price. We’ll see!

airforce21oneMember since 2026
6 months ago
Reply to  GarageCat

Which starting pitchers are the Cardinals going to compete with next year?

Dave TMember since 2016
5 months ago
Reply to  airforce21one

It’s obviously not a great situation unless some of the pitchers (majors and minors) take big steps forward from how they’ve looked in the early going, but the team should have payroll flexibility to supplement with some FA pitching reinforcements if the front office thinks the team is competitive enough to go in that direction.

2026 payroll is down to $100 million, well below prior seasons. $41 million of that is going to salary offsets for traded players (Gray, Arenado, and Contreras). Those offset $ drop to $13 million in 2027 and $0 thereafter.

Yes, there will be some arb salary increases, and payroll $ can add up quickly if spending on FA starting pitching. They’ll also have to replace May (mutual option) and Romero (FA), who account for $16 million of 2026 payroll. The team at this point has a complete lack of long-term salary commitments, though, and has managed to achieve that without a near-term cliff of contributors hitting FA. (If anything, the team should add some longer-term commitments, if they can agree to early career extension terms with Wetherholt, Winn, and perhaps Herrera.)

The team will need to find at least some mid/back rotation and bullpen depth pitching from the pre-arb MLB roster and upper minors over the next couple years. But, as Dan noted in the preseason ZiPS write-up, the Cardinals have a lot of depth of younger pitchers who ZiPS projects as average-ish.

captainclay1012
6 months ago

Awesome article! Terrific work, per usual.

sadtromboneMember since 2020
6 months ago

This really got me thinking about who are the guys who are best at this. I pulled every pitcher with at least 200 innings in FG’s database going back to 2002 to do this for K%+ and GB%+ for an (almost) all 21st century pitching staff who maximize this stuff. I’m not going to do anything fancy, I’m just going to take the average of those two (if you want to add in walks or something, feel free).

Here is your (almost) all-21st century pitching staff on this. Parameters are minimum 1000 innings and a minimum of 110 on both GB%+ and K%+ for the rotation, minimum 200 innings and a minimum of 120 on both GB%+ and K%+ for the bullpen.

Rotation:
Roy Halladay (117)
Felix Hernandez (121)
Brandon Webb (129)
AJ Burnett (118)
Francisco Liriano (116)

Bullpen:
Mariano Rivera (124)
Jhoan Duran (144)
Andres Munoz (137)
Aaron Ashby (131)
Bobby Jenks (130)
Jose Alvarado (126)
Camilo Doval (128)
Jonny Venters (141)

Hmmm…I think I could win some games with that pitching staff…I’m pretty sure that would be the best pitching staff of all time?

Last edited 6 months ago by sadtrombone
sadtromboneMember since 2020
6 months ago
Reply to  sadtrombone

Now the equivalent of that for hitters would be low strikeouts and ground balls. Minimum 3000 PAs, and they can’t have anything higher than 90 on either K%+ or GB%+, excepting CF because I didn’t see anyone who regularly played there on that so I changed it to 100.

Here’s the lineup, lower numbers in parentheses are better.

RF Mookie Betts (71)
1B Todd Helton (78)
CF Cody Bellinger (82)
3B Jose Ramirez (69)
SS Nomar Garciaparra (68)
LF Carlos Lee (73)
2B Ian Kinsler (74)
DH Mike Sweeney
C Will Smith (80)

Bench:
C Bengie Molina (72)
INF Mark Loretta (70)
INF / OF Jerry Hairston Jr (77)
OF Mark Kotsay

Some of these guys would definitely get switched around depending on what part of their career they’re at. Bellinger and Nomar have had pretty huge swings on their career…

j dMember since 2022
6 months ago
Reply to  sadtrombone

Thanks for doing the research on these, really interesting. Run a Strat-o-matic team with these players and you win 125 games.

sadtromboneMember since 2020
6 months ago
Reply to  j d

Three hall of famers, two near-certain Hall of Famers, two more players with hall of fame caliber peaks, an additional MVP winner, an additional Cy Young winner, and at least 8 additional players made all star games. 14 of the 26 players are either stars or superstars. My fourth outfielder has over 20 career fWAR. The only guy on this team I would even want to trade is Mark Loretta because he’s a weird fit defensively….and he has 19 career fWAR. Maybe the Giants would trade me Rich Aurilia for Loretta (he is also eligible for the list, but slightly further down).

I am pretty sure this team would be heavily favored to win a best of 7 game series against any team in history. And psychologically it would be awful for the opposing team to repeatedly strike out or ground out to an infield filled with 60 defenders.

Basically I think this proves the concept that Ben is arguing for. You don’t necessarily get the best players every time with these two metrics—there is no Mike Trout, Albert Pujols, Aaron Judge, Clayton Kershaw, etc on this team. But it is hard to do these two things well and *not* be really, really good.

compucles
6 months ago

Now if only the rest of the Cardinals’ scrap heap bullpen pickups were any good. Stanek is just as lousy as he’s always been. They actually non-tendered a lefty reliever over the offseason who was better than Bruihl as the second lefty. Soriano is better than those two bums but still rather mediocre.

sadtromboneMember since 2020
6 months ago
Reply to  compucles

I was going to say that at least they have pitching help coming. But I am looking at their minor leaguers right now and their minor league pitching is getting absolutely shelled. I’m high on Liam Doyle even with the struggles, but their next three pitching prospects aren’t throwing strikes even a little.

Their number one priority is going to be figuring out what is going on with their minor league prospects not being able to hit the strike zone at all. Everything else is secondary.

The position player group looks interesting though. The unexpected contributions of Jordan Walker is a huge win for them even if he hits at a less ridiculous level going forward. Five lineup spots, plus a raft of interesting catching guys who can collectively move Herrera into a 3rd catcher / DH role. Only really need to fill 3B, LF, and CF…

GarageCatMember since 2023
6 months ago
Reply to  sadtrombone

Cardinals pitching prospects at the lower levels are doing quite well (Tanner Franklin, Yhoiker Fajardo, etc.), but you’re right that the top prospects in AA and AAA haven’t been doing quite as well.

I figure the Cardinals could backfill innings as needed with their AAA depth. And I wouldn’t be surprised to see some prospects such as Hunter Dobbins, Pete Hansen, and Luis Gastelum get the call-up this year. Possibly Max Rajcic and Hancel Rincon to follow, if the top guys need more time to figure things out

Lanidrac
6 months ago
Reply to  sadtrombone

Joshua Baez should take care of LF starting next year at the latest.

The jury is still out on Gorman at 3B and Scott at CF.

So yeah, the rebuild is much further ahead on the position player side, but of course, the position players weren’t why they needed to go into a rebuild in the first place.

sadtromboneMember since 2020
6 months ago
Reply to  Lanidrac

I think the jury is awfully close to a decision on Scott and Gorman, and it has not even begun to consider Baez yet.

Dave TMember since 2016
5 months ago
Reply to  sadtrombone

I think Church should at least get a look at filling CF, though he may be a 4th OF’er and not an everyday starter.

Kellen Voss
6 months ago

I’m so happy I picked up this guy in the late rounds of my strato rookie draft, he’s a DAWG

GarageCatMember since 2023
6 months ago

Love to see this kind of stuff. I was wondering whether RO’B had unlocked anything new this year with how good he’s been. Great article, thanks!

chewbaccaMember since 2019
6 months ago

Bummer, I guess the enemy reads Ben as well😎