Archive for Daily Graphings

Of Course Mike Trout Is Stealing Bases at an Elite Rate, Again

Yesterday afternoon, Dylan Floro made his major-league debut. Anyone who has ever pitched has pictured what it would be like to stand on a major-league mound for the first time. The dream of striking out the first batter you face. The fear of giving up a home run on your first pitch. There are countless different ways to envision that first trip to the mound playing out, but I somehow doubt Floro ever pictured this happening on the ninth pitch of his major-league career:

That’s a lead-footed future Hall of Famer attempting a steal of second to draw a throw and set up the current greatest position player for a steal of home. That really happened. Albert Pujols stole second and Mike Trout stole home, because in baseball anything is possible. But part of what stood out about this play, beyond the fact that Mike Freaking Trout stole home, is that it served as a reminder that Trout has re-emerged as one of the best base-stealers in the game.

Yesterday, Jeff Sullivan outlined adjustments Trout is making at the plate which have enabled him to sustain his mind-boggling consistent run of greatness — a run which is now in its fifth (!) season. The fact that he’s continually evolving, adjusting, and growing as a player is just one part of what has made Trout such a joy to watch. One of those well-documented changes for Trout came when he lost a bit of speed after swiping 82 bags across his first two full seasons, 2012 and 2013. During the next two years, he didn’t steal nearly as many bases, but the loss in base-running value was offset by the fact that he simultaneously grew into a significant increase in power. 

Slowing down while adding power in his 20s — even his early 20s — was a logical enough progression that we came to accept Trout’s new norm. But now something strange is happening.

Mike Trout Since 2012
G SB CS ISO
2012 139 49 5 .238
2013 157 33 7 .240
2014 157 16 2 .274
2015 159 11 7 .290
2016 86 15 1 .252

Base-stealing Mike Trout is back? Fifteen stolen bases through 86 games puts him on pace for a 28-stolen-base season — more stolen bases than he’s recorded in the past two seasons combined. That’s still not quite the rapid pace of his early seasons, but it’s a remarkably surprising development, nonetheless.

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The Jay Bruce Defensive Metrics Test

Jay Bruce is going to be traded. That’s a near-certainty. He’s the only player on this year’s market to be (almost) traded not once, but twice by the team for which he still plays. The rumors have been persisting for more than a year now. Bruce is in the last guaranteed year of his contract, the Reds were never in contention, and he’s rebuilt his value with a great first half at the plate. Already, we’ve heard Bruce linked again to the Blue Jays, alongside the Indians, Nationals, Dodgers, and others. It will be an upset if he finishes the season wearing a Cincinnati uniform.

That much about Jay Bruce, we can be confident. We can be confident that he’s been a good hitter in the past, we can be confident that he’s been a good hitter in the present, and we can be confident that he’s likely to be moved within the next month. There exists an area of Bruce’s story that’s far more murky, though, and one’s perception of that area of Bruce’s game goes a long way towards one’s evaluation of Bruce. Despite a 120 wRC+ this season, Bruce has been worth 0.0 WAR, according to our calculations and 0.4 WAR by Baseball-Reference’s, and that’s all due to his defensive numbers.

The defensive numbers hate Jay Bruce this year. Ultimate Zone Rating calls him the season’s worst defensive right fielder, among 21 qualifiers. Defensive Runs Saved has him in a tie for last, with J.D. Martinez. Those negative marks stretch back a couple years now, but then you get recent tweets like this from Jeff Passan:

And quotes like this out of Buster Olney columns:

Bruce’s defensive metrics are not good, but some scouts believe that he’s better than those numbers indicate, and wonder if his skills are properly reflected in the stats — which some evaluators believe may be inexact.

And you begin to sense a divide on the evaluation of Bruce’s defensive ability. And it’s an important divide, because a Bruce with average-to-better defense is a useful player. A Bruce closer to what the defensive metrics suggest is a replacement-level designated hitter. Those two players fetch far different returns in a mid-season trade.

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Matt Bush on Velocity, Spin, and Missing Bats

Six weeks ago, August Fagerstrom wrote about how Matt Bush’s fastball approximates Aroldis Chapman’s in terms of velocity and spin rate. Not much has changed. The Texas Rangers reclamation project — Bush was in prison and hadn’t pitched for four years — is still throwing heat. This past weekend the 30-year-old right-hander sat 98-99 in a scoreless inning at Fenway Park.

Much has been made of the former first-overall pick’s fall from grace and the Rangers’ willingness to give him another chance. (The attention is warranted: Bush’s substance-abuse and legal issues are serious matters.) Far less attention has been paid to the arsenal and mindset he brings to the mound. With that in mind, I sat down with Bush to talk pitching on the Fourth of July.

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Bush on why he’s having success: “I think it’s my arm action. My fastball has a lot of life to it. I’m also doing a good job of locating; I’m hitting my spots down in the zone. A lot of times it looks like the ball is going to be down and out of the zone, but it has extra life to it, which keeps it there in the zone. Other than that, I have an understanding that it’s not easy to hit a pitch that’s thrown as hard as I throw. I’m going out there with confidence.

“My spin rate is 2,500-something. Someone had mentioned it to me, so I looked into it and was pretty surprised to find out that it’s one of the highest in the game. That’s an indicator of why my fastball is tough to square up. I’m not afraid to go right after hitters, because with that spin, the ball has life. It’s not straight. You also don’t have very much time to pull the trigger. Read the rest of this entry »


Aledmys Diaz, the Improbable All-Star

Beginning last season, there’s been a raging debate concerning the identity of baseball’s best shortstop. In fairness, I guess, people have probably been arguing about this forever, but now there’s this outstanding, new, young crop, and it’s hard to believe they all exist. There are veterans in there like Troy Tulowitzki and Brandon Crawford, but you’ve also got Carlos Correa. There’s Francisco Lindor, and there’s Xander Bogaerts. Corey Seager! And maybe we’re supposed to include Manny Machado. There are so many good shortstops. There are so many good shortstops that I’ve left several out.

I’m very comfortable asserting this: Whoever might be the best shortstop in baseball, I believe it is not Aledmys Diaz. Diaz isn’t a premium baserunner, nor is he a premium defender. Remember, he wasn’t even supposed to be in the majors. But here’s a fact for you — Machado leads all players listed as shortstops in wRC+. There in second place, trailing by just five points, is Diaz. He leads everybody else. And he’s officially now a National League All-Star.

It comes off like a classic case of the Cardinals. In the middle of last summer, when Diaz was in the minors, he was removed from the 40-man roster. Anyone, at that point, could’ve had him. The Cardinals brought him back. The rest is history, and the present.

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Here’s How Mike Trout Is Evolving

So many good players right now. Let me fluff that up. So many great players right now. For Major League Baseball, it really is a kind of embarrassment of riches. Dave just wrote about Josh Donaldson earlier. He’s great. Kris Bryant? He’s great. Francisco Lindor, Manny Machado, Jose Altuve — all great. These are just great position players, of course. These players, and so many more, deserve all the attention they can get. But still, there’s Mike Trout. The current leader in position-player WAR is Mike Trout. Over the past calendar year, the leader in WAR is Mike Trout. Going forward, the leader in projected WAR is Mike Trout. Mike Trout Mike Trout Mike Trout. It’s hard to believe we ever stop thinking about Mike Trout.

Or maybe it’s not? Everything good in our lives, we take for granted. At least, given enough time. And while Trout isn’t boring, consistency is boring, and since becoming a regular Trout hasn’t posted a wRC+ under 167 or over 176. At some point we all run out of original ways to remind ourselves that Trout is fantastic. His supporting cast doesn’t help. Now it seems like 80% of conversations about Trout concern whether the Angels should trade him.

I can’t speak to the real purpose of Valentine’s Day, but it functions as a day of appreciation. Not that you should require a scheduled push to appreciate your partner, but, again, we take good things for granted, because it’s how we’re programmed. A Mike Trout FanGraphs post is similar. Take a minute. Think about Trout. And, wouldn’t you know it, but the man is evolving. He’s not as static as he seems.

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Hitter Contact-Quality Report: Right Field

The All-Star break is beckoning as we come down the homestretch of our position-by-position look at hitter contact quality. We will again use granular ball-in-play data such as BIP frequencies, exit speed and launch angle to perform the analysis. Two positions to go. Last time, it was center fielders; today, it’s the right fielders’ turn.

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Scouting Debutante Pirate, Tyler Glasnow

When I first lay eyes on a prospect, especially one who has a unique physical build, I search my mind’s eye for precedent. Making a “body comp” is a somewhat outdated way for scouts to communicate and describe a player’s physicality to a person who has never seen that player. The advent of the internet has made this kind of communication obsolete (why bother telling you that I think Jeff Hoffman is built like Jamal Crawford when I can just show you a video of Hoffman pitching and you can see it for yourself?) and now I mostly make body comps as an personal exercise to help project a player’s physical trajectory a little more accurately.

When I first saw Tyler Glasnow, who is an ectomorphic 6-foot-8, I wracked my brain trying to find a similarly built pitcher before I gave up and moved on to small forwards. Still, I came up empty, and I ended up writing “construction crane” and “pteranodon” in my notes. Glasnow has long legs, a small torso and relatively short arms for someone his size. I’ve seen only on other pitcher (White Sox righty Alec Hansen) whose physique closely resembles his. His unique physical makeup is the foundation upon which one of baseball’s most bizarre prospects has been built and influences his entire repertoire.

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MLB Teams Best Positioned to Take on Salary at Deadline

At last year’s the trade deadline, the Texas Rangers made a deal for Cole Hamels despite a 50-52 record that placed them three games back in the wild card race, with four teams in front of them — and seven games back in the division, with two teams ahead of them. The club ultimately finished the season 38-22, winning the division in the process. The addition of Hamels was certainly integral to their success.

That said, the trade wasn’t necessarily made with just 2015 in mind; in the process, the Rangers were able to move Matt Harrison’s contract and retain Cole Hamels through either 2018 or 2019 (for which latter year the club holds an option). Hamels hasn’t been at his best this year — his 2.93 ERA obscures uncharacteristically weak fielding-independent numbers — but the Rangers have continued winning this season, having produced a 53-32 record and a 7.5-game lead on the Houston Astros.

The Rangers leveraged some payroll flexibility into the acquisition of a player likely to help them in the present and future. A look at the current state of future payroll commitments could help determine which teams are best positioned to take on money at this year’s deadline.

While the traditional would-be free agents are always popular trade targets, there are quite a few players who could be moved in the next month who are owed money beyond this season. Ryan Braun has $76 million remaining on his contract after this year. Andrew Miller will earn $18 million through the 2018 season. Carlos Gonzalez has $20 million coming to him next year while Jay Bruce has a reasonable option and Jonathan Lucroy has a ridiculously team-friendly option. While teams have more money to spend than ever before, they still operate on budgets, and looking at future commitments is a start in determining how much money a team has to spend.

The graph below shows every team’s commitments for the 2017 season, per Cot’s Contracts. Only guaranteed money is included, which means options and potential arbitration salaries are left out for the time being.

2017 MLB PAYROLL COMMITMENTS (1)

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Josh Donaldson Just Keeps Getting Better

The Josh Donaldson story is pretty amazing. The 48th pick in the 2007 draft, he was then traded a year later as one of four players going to Oakland for Rich Harden, as the Cubs were partially convinced to let him go due to his poor .217/.276/.349 line in A-ball that year. You generally don’t like it when college draftees put up a 78 wRC+ at any level, much less one they should be dominating. The A’s took a bet on a guy with contact skills and some power, though, and saw him hit much better upon promotion to the Cal League, but the league environment is pretty friendly there, and his slow start in Chicago raised questions about how good his bat would eventually become.

As a bat-first catcher, that’s a problem, so Baseball America ranked him as the A’s 13th best prospect following the 2008 season. That general ranking stuck for the next few years — he ranked as the A’s #14 prospect after 2009, #12 prospect after 2010, and #20 prospect after 2011 — as he kept performing like a good-not-great hitter, and one who mostly caught but also got some time at the corner infield positions, signaling that his future probably wasn’t behind the plate.

The A’s officially converted him to third base full time in 2012, as projected starter Scott Sizemore tore his ACL in spring training, and the A’s needed a replacement. But he flopped in that audition, hitting .153/.160/.235 in 100 plate appearances before getting shipped back to the minor leagues, losing his job to Brandon Inge, who signed with the team as a free agent in April after being released by the Tigers. At that point, Donaldson was a 26 year old with a big league wRC+ of 8. Yes, 8. Given his pedestrian minor league numbers, it was easy to look at Donaldson just like every other guy tweener, with a bat good enough to hang around the highest level of the minor leagues, but without enough value to stick as a big leaguer.

A couple of months later, though, Inge headed to the disabled list, and Donaldson was summoned back to replace him. And since August 14th of 2012, Donaldson has hit .287/.372/.519, good for a 146 wRC+, while turning himself into one of the very best players in baseball. And he just keeps getting better.

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This Is the Best Johnny Cueto We’ve Seen

Remember when Johnny Cueto was viewed as a risk? I mean, he’s a pitcher, of course he’s a risk — all pitchers are risks. But even relative to other pitchers, Cueto was regarded this offseason as a rather large uncertainty. Between his underwhelming second half and ugly postseason with Kansas City, a right elbow that barked multiple times throughout the year, and his heavy workload in 2014 and 2015, expectations were tempered entering the 2016 season, and it seemed like folks were prepared for the possibility of a Cueto decline, or even collapse.

That preparation was for naught. Out of the gate, the Giants are getting peak Cueto. My preferred method of looking at pitcher WAR is using a 50/50 split of FIP-based WAR and RA9-WAR. It’s not perfect, but neither is looking at just one, and we know the ideal mix is somewhere in between. For now, I’m fine with simply splitting the difference. Do that, and this is your current 2016 top five:

  1. Clayton Kershaw, 5.6 WAR
  2. Johnny Cueto, 4.0
  3. Noah Syndergaard, 3.7
  4. Jake Arrieta, 3.5
  5. Chris Sale, 3.4

Nobody’s Kershaw. But this year, Cueto’s arguably been the next-best thing. Or at the very least, the next-most valuable. Cueto threw another complete game last night, already his fourth of the season, and this one came against the Rockies. When Cueto’s taken the mound this year, the Giants are 16-2. I don’t think too many folks are still viewing Cueto as an uncertainty.

Environmentally, there couldn’t be much more going in Cueto’s favor, and that’s got to be acknowledged. He spent the first seven years of his career pitching in Cincinnati, a bandbox of a ballpark that works against pitching, and then he moved to the American League, where pitchers are replaced in the batting order by dudes whose only job is to hit. Now, he’s back to facing pitchers, and not only that, he’s facing pitchers in baseball’s most pitcher-friendly stadium. Adding to that, Cueto’s a guy who loves to work around the edges of the zone, and while recently he’s commonly pitched to the likes of Brayan Pena and Salvador Perez, the latter of whom routinely grades among baseball’s worst pitch framers, Cueto this year is enjoying the pleasure of pitching to Buster Posey, who’s currently grading as baseball’s best. He’s also enjoying the pleasure of pitching in front of an elite defense, though he’s long enjoyed that pleasure.

He’s gone from small parks and designated hitters and poor catchers to a favorable home stadium, more easy lineups, baseball’s best catcher, and an excellent defense. Of course, we’ve got adjusted stats to account for most of that, and Cueto’s still in the top-10 in those. If it were that easy to succeed in San Francisco, everybody would do it, and yet no one’s doing it like Cueto.

For one, it sure seems like he’s taking advantage of his new environment. By the metrics, this year’s Giants have had, by far, baseball’s best infield defense. Baseball Info Solutions credits San Francisco’s defense with 39 runs saved on the season; only one other team cracks 20. And along with that, Cueto’s increased his ground-ball rate by more than nine points — the second-largest increase of any qualified pitcher from last season. Cueto’s been a ground-baller in the past, but this is the second-highest rate of his career, and its coinciding with a change in location.

Last season, only Jordan Zimmermann threw a higher rate of pitches in the upper-half of the zone and beyond than Cueto. With all his offspeed pitches and lack of top-end velocity, you might not think of him this way, but Cueto’s recently been one of baseball’s most extreme high-ball pitchers. Not anymore. Going from last year to this year, Cueto’s had one of the five largest shifts toward the bottom of the zone:

CuetoShift

Don’t get it twisted — Cueto still likes his high pitch. But there’s been an effort to more often work in the lower half of the zone in San Francisco. The lower half of the zone is where Posey works his receiving magic, and the lower half of the zone is where ground balls are generated, the ones that Brandon Crawford and the rest of the Giants defense routinely turn into outs.

And that relationship between Cueto and the infield defense? It manifests itself not only in quantity, but in quality as well. Among the 133 pitchers with at least 1,000 pitches thrown this season, Cueto’s average exit velocity of 86.8 miles per hour ranks fourth. His grounders have gone just 83.2 mph, also fourth. His two-seam fastball, with which he pounds the inner-half of the plate against right-handed batters, has generated an average exit velocity of 82.2 mph, baseball’s best. It gets swings that look like this:

Oh, yeah. Cueto can help himself out, too.

We’ve long thought of Cueto as something of a contact-manager, given his repeatedly low BABIPs and high strand rates, and now we’ve got the data to support that assumption.

There’s more going on here. Cueto’s going to his slider more often, and he’s truly solving right-handed batters for the first time in his career. He’s running a career-low walk rate and a career-high first-pitch strike rate, evidence that his command is sharper than it’s been in the past. And then he’s still doing all the things that have made him Cueto all along — the masterful mixing of all six pitches, the deception from his many deliveries.

It’s just all clicking right now. You can’t not give credit to Cueto’s surroundings, but you also can’t not give credit to Cueto for using his surroundings to his advantage. Cueto’s looked like an ace in the past, but that went away for a bit. Now, he looks like a better ace than ever before. The Giants are almost certainly going to make the postseason this year. This time, they won’t need Madison Bumgarner to throw 50 innings.