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The Royals Are Basically the Best Contact Team Ever

A funny thing about doing a job like this is that you’re expected to write all the time. Which means you’re expected to write early in seasons, and you’re expected to write analytically, and when you write analytically early in seasons, you can end up looking like a moron. Earlier this season, for example, I remember writing reasonably positive things about Carlos Peguero. And early last year, over at JABO, I wrote about how the Rockies weren’t striking out anymore. You can guess what happened to Peguero. And you can guess what happened with the Rockies. The Rockies resumed striking out. They lost lots of games.

So, this isn’t anything new, but early information can mislead. We’re always just trying to separate what’s real from what’s fake, and we tend to be too impatient about that. But every so often, you can spot something legitimate. Several months ago, also at JABO, I observed that the Royals were barely ever striking out. They were on a potentially historic pace, and it was definitely something to stay aware of. To be honest, I at some point stopped being aware of it, but then I noticed again. The season’s about over, now. The Royals are thinking about the playoffs. They’ll be taking with them one hell of a group of contact hitters.

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Young Three Provide Hope for the Reds

“Until you step outside of it, you don’t realize how special it is,” Barry Zito said on the field in Oakland, nostalgia in his voice and touch of grey his hair. He was reminiscing about what it was like to have three homegrown young starters peaking at the same time, back when he joined Tim Hudson and Mark Mulder in dominating the American League.

The parallels in Cincinnati are not immediately obvious, nor are they perfectly similar. Anthony DeSclafani, Raisel Iglesias, and John Lamb probably won’t turn into the next Big Three, and they aren’t necessarily all homegrown in the stricter definition of the word.

And yet… standing there on that field, listening to Zito talk and thinking of writing this piece, a little dreaming was possible. Could those three young Reds be the backbone of a strong staff as soon as next year? Just look at them sitting there atop the rookie leaderboards.

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Watching Johnny Cueto and Salvador Perez

Just the other day, Johnny Cueto turned in his first good start in over a month. Though the Royals have been in position to coast to the playoffs for weeks, seeing Cueto actually get batters out came as a tremendous relief, an indication that the ace is getting back to being an ace with October around the bend. Maybe just as interesting as what Cueto did on the field were conversations that took place off of it. As Andy McCullough wrote, Cueto felt like he needed to express something about Salvador Perez.

Part of his trouble, Cueto explained to the team, was he tries to throw exactly toward the catcher’s glove. Perez often set the target high in the zone, intending to lower his mitt with the pitch. But the optics challenged Cueto, which may have led to him spinning a series of cutters and change-ups at the waist of opposing hitters in recent weeks.

This post will consist of observations, and nothing more. I want to lay that out for you now. Cueto wanted his catcher to behave a little differently behind the plate, and though that’s a difficult thing to actually analyze, it grabbed my attention because it’s an unusual thing to hear. So I’m drawn to trying to explore this. Feel free to explore with me, or alternatively remain in the comforts of home. Explorers frequently die.

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Does It Matter Who You Beat On the Way to the Playoffs?

The Mets have probably had the easiest schedule in baseball. That’s not to take anything away from them — it’s not their fault, and the Nationals have faced pretty much the same slate. It’s just a fact. Things have conspired to make the Mets’ schedule fairly soft. One notices, if you dig in, the Mets have really taken advantage of this. Against teams under .500, they’ve won 67% of their games. Against teams at least .500, they’ve won just 41% of their games. Against the Phillies, the Mets have gone 14-2; against the Pirates and Cubs, they’re 0-13. Their difference in record by opponent quality is the biggest in the game, edging out the Orioles and the Dodgers.

At the other end of the extreme, you find the Blue Jays. The Mets have mostly beaten up on bad teams. The Blue Jays have beaten everyone, but especially the above-average teams. Against teams under .500, they’ve won 53% of their games. Against teams at least .500, they’ve won 63% of their games. Their difference in record by opponent quality is the biggest in the game, in the other direction. They beat out the A’s and the Tigers.

With the playoffs looming, it’s easy to speculate. Once October rolls around, only good teams are left. It seems like the team that’s been better against good teams should stand a better chance. Does this mean anything for the Blue Jays and Mets? Below, I can provide not necessarily the answer, but certainly an answer.

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Joey Votto on Aging

“I don’t care about hitting home runs, I don’t care about any of that sort of stuff,” Joey Votto told me when I mentioned the stat. “I care about improving all of the facets of my game that can be repeatable and that age well.” And really, as great as his season has been this year, no quote better sums up the strides he’s made.

One things we know that ages terribly is contact on pitches outside of the zone (O-Contact%). It drops off the table quickly after 29.

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Craig Counsell on Decisions and Collaboration

The Milwaukee Brewers have reportedly hired David Stearns to be their new general manager. What that means for Craig Counsell is yet to be determined. The 45-year-old Counsell has been the club’s manager since May, and his contract extends through the 2017 season.

On the surface, Counsell and the Harvard-educated Stearns look to be a good fit. Counsell was an accounting major at Notre Dame prior to playing 15 big league seasons, and he spent three years as a special assistant to former GM Doug Melvin before moving into his current position.

Counsell talked about his decision-making process, and the collaborative relationship between a manager and the front office, when the Brewers visited Wrigley Field last month. Read the rest of this entry »


Matt Harvey, Hansel Robles, and Hindsight

Going into the season, we expected the NL East race to be fairly boring by the end of the year, and as expected, there’s not a lot of drama left about the likely outcome; of course, the fact that it’s the Mets and not the Nationals running away with the race is a pretty big surprise. Led by a quality rotation and a surging second-half offense, the Mets have put themselves in prime position to get to the postseason for the first time since 2006.

Of course, this being the Mets, there is still plenty of drama to go around, even with a big lead over the second-place Nationals and just two weeks left in the regular season. Lately, that drama has come from the team’s handling of Matt Harvey. It started off with a public disagreement between Scott Boras and the team about whether doctors recommended or required a 180 inning limit for Harvey this season, with Harvey initially appearing to side with his agent, but then coming around to the team’s side of things, stating that everyone is on the same page about his usage over the rest of the season. With Harvey quickly approaching that 180 inning threshold, but the Mets also wanting to retain the ability to use him in the postseason, the Mets are now shortening his remaining regular season innings in order to reduce the amount of stress his arm takes in his first year back from Tommy John surgery.

That limitation was on full display last night, when the Mets and Yankees met up on Sunday Night Baseball. With ESPN’s cameras showing the game across the country, Harvey dominated the Yankees, allowing just one hit and one walk in his five innings of work, striking out seven of the 18 batters he faced on the night. And with the Mets holding a tenuous 1-0 lead entering the sixth inning, Harvey was replaced by Hansel Robles, who proceeded to give up five runs in the sixth inning; his fellow relievers would give up six more, and the Yankees eventually won 11-2.

Predictably, the reaction to removing Harvey after just 77 dominating pitches is not a positive one this morning. Here’s Anthony Rieber from Newsday, for instance.

Harvey threw five innings. Gave up one infield hit. Walked one. Struck out seven. It was the Dark Knight at his best. His last pitch was 95 miles per hour. He made the Yankees look like minor-leaguers.

None of that mattered. What you saw with your own eyes on the baseball field didn’t matter. What the Mets needed as they try to nail down the National League East against the suddenly showing-late-signs-of-life Nationals didn’t matter.

All that mattered was a line on a chart somewhere that said Harvey could only go five innings — not six, good heavens not seven — because of some unproven benefits that might come his way in the postseason, or next year, or after he leaves the Mets as a free agent following the 2018 season.

Ridiculous. Arrogant. Unfortunate.

New York’s papers are filled with this same kind of criticism this morning; since Robles and the rest of the bullpen struggles, removing Harvey was clearly stupid, given how well he was pitching at the time. Except, it wasn’t, and more often than not, it’s probably going to work out just fine for the Mets.

First, let’s present a few pieces of actual facts. Here are the opposing batters lines against Matt Harvey this year, based on how many times they’ve faced him previously in that game.

Times Through The Order
At-Bat BA OBP SLG OPS
1 0.191 0.242 0.320 0.562
2 0.214 0.259 0.308 0.567
3 0.253 0.291 0.419 0.710

The first and second times through the order, hitters have done next to nothing against Harvey this year; he’s been nearly as dominant as he was pre-surgery. Beginning the third time through the order, however, Harvey has been decidedly mediocre, and this is true of most every starting pitcher in baseball. The times-through-the-order penalty is a well established effect that has been documented countless times, and applies to everyone, even pitchers who are throwing really well early on.

Despite the temptation to buy into the “he was throwing well, thus he would have continued to throw well” logic, the data simply refutes the idea that we could look at Harvey’s early-game dominance and presume that the Yankees would have continued to struggle against him simply because he pitched well the first five innings. Starting pitchers perform much better earlier on in the game than they do in the middle and later innings, and we simply can’t take their early-game performance and extrapolate it forward into the later innings.

Then, there’s the little matter of the fact that Hansel Robles has actually been quite good for the Mets this year. He’s struck out 28% of the batters he’s faced this year while allowing roughly average walk and home run totals, and while it’s probably not predictive of anything, his .240 BABIP suggests he’s at least not just throwing the ball down the middle to try and maximize his strikeout rate. Even after last night’s meltdown, opposing batters are hitting just .190/.267/.379 against Robles this year. To illustrate the point, here’s opposing batters lines against Robles this year, and against Harvey the third time through the order.

Harvey vs Robles
Comparison BA OBP SLG OPS
Harvey, AB3 0.253 0.291 0.419 0.710
Robles 0.190 0.267 0.379 0.646

Yes, last night, Robles performed poorly, and it was juxtaposed against Harvey’s early-pull, making the narrative an easy one to sell. But thinking that taking Harvey out after facing 18 batters — meaning he would have begun the third-time-through-the-order with the next batter he faced — and replacing him with Robles made the Yankees more likely to put up a big rally is unsupported the evidence. A tiring Matt Harvey is just not much more (if any more) effective at getting outs than even just a reasonably decent middle reliever. And there’s plenty of reasons to think Robles is a reasonably decent middle reliever.

Last night’s results made for a very easy Monday morning story. For everyone who wants to rail against innings limits and modern pitcher usage, there is no better time to get on the soap box than when a starter is throwing well, is removed for an inferior-talented reliever, and then that reliever immediately gives up the lead. The problem is that the same soap box isn’t revisited when tiring starters are left in to face hitters a third or fourth time within the same game, and that lead disappears before the bullpen is ever called upon; this happens all the time, but the story told then is that the pitcher simply failed to do his job, rather than that the manager failed to recognize that going to to a reliever would have provided a better opportunity for a good outcome.

It might be frustrating to watch, but the reality is that if you’re going to limit a pitcher’s workload, the most rational way to do it is to shift as many innings as he can throw towards the beginning of games, when he’s facing hitters only two times each, rather than skipping starts; these shortened starts allow Harvey to still pitch when he’s most effective and rest when he’s likely to be least effective. If you’re going to enforce an innings limit, this is the best way to do it, even if you’re going to take heat for it on the days when the bullpen doesn’t live up to Harvey’s early-inning standards.

The key is to remember that Harvey probably wouldn’t have lived up to those standards either. The choice the Mets made wasn’t to take out a guy who going to continue to be unhittable and replace him with a batting practice machine. In reality, the Mets took out a starter who has been roughly an average pitcher the third time through the order this year, and replaced him with a perfectly solid reliever. It didn’t work this time, and it happened on a national stage, but it’s certainly not ridiculous to realize that letting Harvey pitch deep into games has only a marginal benefit versus handing those middle innings to relievers who are likely to perform at a similar (or better) level.

If you want to debate the merit of managing workloads in general, that’s another story, but given that the Mets are going to manage Harvey’s workload — and with the fact that he wants his workload managed, they don’t really have a choice — giving him shortened outings is probably the best way to go about this. Despite a highly-publicized failure last night, concluding that the Mets plan is “arrogant” or “unfortunate” is simply ignoring the pertinent facts.


Edgar Martinez Talks Hitting

To say Edgar Martinez knows hitting would be to state the obvious. The Seattle Mariners legend slashed .312/.418/.515 between 1987 and 2004, and he won a pair of batting titles along the way. He ranks 21st all-time in OBP and is 44th all-time in adjusted OPS.

Martinez is now entrusted with getting the most out of Mariners hitters. The should-be Hall-of-Famer took over as the team’s hitting coach in late June after beginning the season as a roving instructor. It’s a challenging job. Seattle ranks 11th in the American League in runs scored, and several players are falling short of expectations.

Martinez talked about the art of hitting — and how he evolved during his career — earlier this summer. Read the rest of this entry »


Bryce Harper’s Quest to Join Bonds, Mantle, Ruth

When discussing Bryce Harper’s year, the challenge is not to try and show that it’s been great. Rather, the challenge is to show how great his season has been. Harper leads the National League in home runs, and he leads all of major league baseball in batting average, on-base percentage, and slugging percentage, as well. The last player to lead the majors in every triple-slash category was Barry Bonds in his 13-win 2002 season. Only a lack of RBI will prevent Harper from winning a traditional Triple Crown. Perhaps the most impressive number for Harper this season is 204 — that his, his current weighted batting line (wRC+) where 100 equals average. Harper is seeking to become only the 12th player in the last 100 years to hit the 200 makr, and only the 10th in a non-strike season, potentially joining Ty Cobb, Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig, Rogers Hornsby, Stan Musial, Ted Williams, Mickey Mantle, Mark McGwire, and Barry Bonds.

Before getting to wRC+, a discussion of Harper’s offensive runs above average should be helpful to frame the discussion. Harper’s offensive runs above average this season, shortened to “Off” on the FanGraphs leaderboards and player pages, is 74.2 — currently the 53rd-best mark over the past 100 seasons — and he will have shot to get in the top 40 by the end of the year. Off is a counting number and, due to its fairly direct relationship with wRC+ (Off adds BsR), we can get a general idea of how many runs different wRC+ is worth. From the FanGraphs Glossary:

Weighted Runs Created Plus (wRC+) measures how a player’s wRC compares with league average after controlling for park effects. League average for position players is 100, and every point above 100 is a percentage point above league average. For example, a 125 wRC+ means a player created 25% more runs than a league average hitter would have in the same number of plate appearances. Similarly, every point below 100 is a percentage point below league average, so a 80 wRC+ means a player created 20% fewer runs than league average.

The chart below shows Off, wRC+ for a small collection of players this season.

Sample of wRC+ and Offensive Runs Above Average
wRC+ Off
Bryce Harper 204 74.2
Joey Votto 174 53.7
Andrew McCutchen 148 35.0
Jason Kipnis 125 19.5
Charlie Blackmon 100 1.4
Jimmy Rollins 77 -17.1
Omar Infante 40 -31.2

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What the Baltimore Bullpen Can Teach Us About Arm Action

“So you’re just studying oddity pitchers,” said Zach Britton over my shoulder as I took our conversation over to Darren O’Day. I bristled at the word oddity, because it implied some sort of freak-show gawking. “No! I’m into pitching, and you guys have interesting pitches,” was my earnest response. Eventually, most of the Orioles bullpen was in our scrum, talking pitching and pitches.

He wasn’t wrong, though. At the heart of that bullpen are three very… odd pitches. And checking out the three of them can teach us something about arm action.

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