The Rays have been really good this year, but their bullpen has not. And this has come despite them largely sticking to their strategy of deploying relievers with a wide variety of different release points: two sidearm righties in Kevin Kelly and Ryan Thompson, one sidearm lefty in Jake Diekman, an over-the-top righty in Pete Fairbanks, and an over-the-top lefty in Jalen Beeks. This strategy has succeeded in the past: from 2020 to ’22, Rays relievers have never posted an ERA higher than 3.37; their collective ERA of 3.31 in that span is second only to the Dodgers (whose bullpen also happens to be struggling this year); and their FIP of 3.71 ranks third.

This year, things are different. Even with some modest improvements of late, Tampa Bay’s 12th-ranked 3.83 ERA belies ugly peripherals, including a 4.43 FIP that ranks sixth-worst. The rotation has been ravaged by injuries, forcing the team to turn to the bullpen earlier in games; Rays relievers have tossed 1.26 innings per appearance on average this season, the fourth-highest in the league. But some of this is due to the usage of followers, which is nothing new; perhaps what’s behind the drop-off is simply too much of an emphasis on forcing opposing hitters to deal with different looks.

The Blue Jays, perhaps unintentionally, have taken this lesson to heart. Having signed one of the best splitter-throwers in Kevin Gausman prior to 2022, they traded for another this past offseason in Erik Swanson. Despite the league-wide increase in splitter usage due to its potential as a platoon-neutral offering for pronating and sweeper-throwing hurlers, only 2.2% of all pitches thrown so far this year have been splitters. Given the uniqueness of the pitch, the Jays should have Gausman and Swanson throw on different days to maximize the surprise factor, right? Just as the Rays might save two similar sidearmers for different days? Read the rest of this entry »

Jordan Romano is one of the best closers in baseball, but you wouldn’t know it from perusing your average sports page. He’s a quiet star, in the mildly pejorative sense often implied by “quiet” — not well-enough known, not well-enough talked about, somehow lacking in whatever je ne sais quoi that makes you a star.

Here’s the thing, though: that’s silly. At FanGraphs, we try to avoid that very way of thinking, and yet we’ve written almost nothing about Romano in the past few years. An interview here, a hockey anecdote there, the occasional fantasy piece — it’s not what you’d expect from a guy at the top of the bullpen hierarchy for a playoff team. I’m not kidding myself; this article is Canadian fan service. Let’s talk about what makes Romano so dang good, and ignore why audiences in America seem to ignore him.

If you’re looking at it from a pitch perspective, this one is pretty easy. Romano is good because he throws a hellacious fastball and backs it with an above-average slider. His fastball is a work of art. All the things you’ve heard about what makes a four-seamer good? He has them. He avoids the dreaded line of normality that plagues some heaters that underperform their radar gun numbers; his is mostly up-and-down. Per Baseball Savant, his fastball drops 1.7 inches less than the average four-seamer thrown with similar velocity and also gets 2.4 inches less arm-side fade. In other words, when he throws it to a righty, it ends up less inside than they expect, and also meaningfully higher. Read the rest of this entry »

Games are shorter this season due to the pitch clock, which means that starting pitchers are usually throwing an outing’s worth of offerings in less time than they typically did in previous years. Whereas a quality start of seven innings and 100 pitches might have taken two hours and 15 minutes in the past — this before a call to the bullpen — it can take as little as an hour and 45 minutes in 2023. Those times will obviously vary, with the effectiveness of the opposing pitcher playing a major role, but the fact remains that such an outing now regularly takes place within a more condensed time frame.

How different is this for starting pitchers? Moreover, is throwing that number of innings and pitches in a narrower time frame harder, or is it actually easier? I’ve asked those questions to several pitchers since the start of the season, with their answers sometimes extending to other aspects of the new pitch clock. Here is what they’ve had to say.

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Shane Bieber, Cleveland Guardians: “Good question. To give you a real response on the impact… we’ll probably see at the end of the year after a great big body of work. Right? The number of quality starts, or whatever you want to call them. But for me, personally, I’m not finding much of a difference. I work pretty quick, especially without runners on. Last year, I think I was the second fastest without runners on base. Maybe the first. Wade Miley works extremely fast, as well. Read the rest of this entry »

Taj Bradley has had an up-and-down rookie season with the Rays, but only in terms of promotions and demotions. The 22-year-old right-hander has twice been optioned to Triple-A, and three times he’s been summoned back to the big leagues. He might be in Tampa Bay to stay. Over six starts comprising 30 innings, Bradley has logged a 3.62 ERA and a 2.82 FIP, with wins in three of five decisions. Moreover, he’s fanned 42 batters while issuing just five free passes.

The level of composure he’s displayed belies his age and inexperience. While many players performing on the big stage for the first time have a fast heartbeat, his has been borderline bradycardia. In a word, Bradley is chill.

“I’m not the kind of person to get too caught up in anything,” the 2018 fifth-round pick out of Stone Mountain, Georgia’s Redan High School told me on Friday. “If I were to meet a celebrity, or pitch in a big game, I wouldn’t be making too much of a moment of it. I always downplay things. I mean, you do get your nerves, but I don’t build it up. Someone might say, ‘Oh, you made your debut,’ or ‘Oh, you got a win against the Red Sox,’ but I just go about my day.”

Bradley’s debut, which came at home in a spot start against Boston on April 12, did elicit emotions. Being unflappable may be in his DNA, but it’s not as though he’s an unfeeling cyborg. Nearly two months later, the game remains a blur. Read the rest of this entry »

I don’t know about you, but I was very excited about the Blue Jays’ outfield coming into this season. In December, the team signed veteran defensive wizard Kevin Kiermaier to take over in center field, pushing incumbent George Springer to right. Just a few weeks later, they sent catcher Gabriel Moreno to the Diamondbacks so that young defensive wizard and all-around rising star Daulton Varsho could play left. If you’re keeping score at home, that makes one George Springer and two defensive wizards. Most teams don’t have two defensive wizards. There just aren’t that many wizards running around, and the ones who play baseball tend to prefer the infield. The Blue Jays had three center fielders, two of whom were well-respected veterans with long track records on successful teams, two of whom were coming off four-win seasons, and two of whom could reasonably claim to be, when healthy, the best defensive outfielder in all of baseball. That’s a pretty exciting Venn diagram.

Read the rest of this entry »

The 2022 Blue Jays won 92 games and finished second in the American League in runs scored, and Alejandro Kirk had a lot to do with that. Hitting .285/.372/.415 and playing better defense behind the plate than most expected when he was a prospect, he formed a dynamite catching chimera with Danny Jansen and Gabriel Moreno, who was sent to Arizona this offseason. The resultant pairing of Kirk and Jansen projected to give the Blue Jays the best catching situation in baseball in 2023. But while the rest of the top catchers in the majors have worked out about as expected, Toronto’s have not, combining to hit a respectable but disappointing .232/.311/.384. As the younger and much less experienced of the two, with more time to grow as an offensive player, Kirk’s struggles concern me more.

It’s easy to forget how quickly Kirk rocketed through the minors in recent years. After playing mostly in High-A Dunedin in 2019, the Blue Jays were interested enough in his talent to put him on the taxi squad at the start of September 2020, even getting him into nine games, seven as a catcher. The following season, he only played a couple of weeks at Triple-A Buffalo before becoming a permanent major leaguer. While a promotion that aggressive does happen once in a while, there’s no situation that I can remember in which a team promoted a catcher who wasn’t an extremely polished defender that quickly. He hit .242/.328/.436 — a solid triple-slash for any catcher, but exciting for a player with such little high-level experience. Perhaps as importantly, while Kirk didn’t fool anyone into thinking he was the next Yadier Molina with the glove, he played far better defensively than the DH-pretending-to-be-a-catcher archetype that players like Zack Collins fall into. But Kirk’s .234/.353/.324 line so far is not what people expected in the follow-up season, and while the resulting wRC+ of 96 is far better than trainwreck status, it’s also far from the stardom he displayed last year.

When you see a dropoff like that, especially in a fairly short stretch of games, you frequently see a BABIP blip along with it. But while Kirk has dropped about 40 points of BABIP since last year, his hit profile supports a fairly low BABIP. In fact, ZiPS thinks that he’s “earned” a .249 BABIP based on how he’s hit this year, lower than his actual BABIP of .261. The plate discipline stats also show no red flags; he still makes good contact and isn’t suddenly offering more often at worse pitches.

The icky part of Kirk’s seasonal line involves the loss of power, and unfortunately, the drop in both his exit velocity and loft is real; four miles per hour and seven degrees of launch angle are not small deviations. For the Statcast era, I took every player who put 75 pitches into play in consecutive years, ranked their dips in exit velocity and launch angle (out of 2,389 players), and found those with the biggest dropoffs, using the average of their ranks (we’re trying to get a general idea, so a very simple method is fine). Here are the results:

Kirk ranks highly in terms of dropoff in these stats, so it’s not surprising to see his power evaporate. It’s also not something that bodes well. ZiPS and other projection systems deal with these issues in a more scientifically sound fashion than this, but there are a lot of fading players on this list. The ones that did improve overall in seasons after the two-year window, such as Díaz and Acuña Jr., managed to reverse this process. I went down the top 50 players on this list and found that this held true as well. And Kirk actually showed some dropoff from 2021 to ’22 despite his excellent performance, suggesting that the seeds of a future issue had already been sown.

One culprit here is that he is simply topping hard pitches down in the zone, whereas last year he was getting just enough loft to squeeze a bunch of hits out of them; he hit .452 on low fastballs and lifted the majority of them with a positive launch angle. This season, only three of 13 low fastballs haven’t been driven into the ground, and Kirk has lost about eight degrees of launch angle on average compared to last year. It’s not just luck either: he’s hitting them with less velocity, resulting in an xBA of .231 compared to .336 last year.

The exit velocity issue is important for Kirk because he’s not a fast player and hits a lot of grounders; he’s not going to be legging out many soft infield hits, so he needs to hit the ball hard. Groundball BABIP is very sensitive to exit velocity, as unlike fly balls, there’s no sweet spot where a soft hit becomes an impossible-to-field bloop.

And if you check the Statcast leaderboard in terms of year-to-year change, Kirk is near the top of the list in terms of most increased topped contact rate.

The good news is that the full model of ZiPS is aware of these hit tendencies and still thinks Kirk is going to be alright over the long haul, though his problems right now have increased the downside risk, pushing his projections down from the 3.5–4.0 WAR range they were in before the season:

These types of changes aren’t good, but they’re also not death sentences for careers and can be reversed. Kirk, even while struggling, still retains a lot of the characteristics that made him such a good hitter last year. The key to improving his baseball game right now may be working on his golf game and re-embracing the modern trend of turning low pitches into long drives rather than worm-burners.

The 2023 season isn’t off to the best start for last year’s AL Cy Young finalists. Reigning winner Justin Verlander missed the first five weeks with a shoulder strain and now faces the unenviable task of rescuing an ailing Mets rotation. Runner-up Dylan Cease has had his moments but an equal number of surprisingly poor outings. Finally, third-place finisher Alek Manoah is struggling most of all. His ERA has doubled, his WAR is in the negatives, and his 1.28 K/BB ranks last among qualified major league pitchers.

Manoah’s slow start has been difficult to watch. Last season, at just 24 years old, he established himself as the ace of the Blue Jays’ staff, securing his first All-Star selection and earning the nod for Game One of the Wild Card Series. Six months later, he was awarded the Opening Day start, making him the youngest Opening Day starter in the American League. The analytics crowd (myself included) might have argued Kevin Gausman was the true no. 1 in Toronto, but the Blue Jays clearly chose Manoah, and it wasn’t hard to understand why: Read the rest of this entry »

Erik Swanson has quietly emerged as a top-shelf reliever. Since the beginning of last season, the 29-year-old right-hander has made 75 appearances — 57 last year with Seattle and 18 this year with Toronto, who acquired him along with Adam Macko in exchange for Teoscar Hernández — and boasts a 1.64 ERA and a 2.18 FIP. Moreover, he’s allowed just 46 hits and fanned 93 batters in 71.1 innings. Thanks in part to one of baseball’s best splitters, his K-rate over that span is a robust 34.7%; with the Blue Jays this season, it’s an even higher 35.4%.

His path to Canada’s largest city was circuitous. Born in Fargo, North Dakota, Swanson proceeded to “bounce around a little bit growing up,” eventually landing in suburban Cincinnati where he graduated from Mariemont High School. From there it was on to Mount Carmel, Illinois, where he attended Wabash Valley Community College — “one of my only options for baseball” — and then to Council Bluffs, where he spent his sophomore year at Iowa Western Community College. It was at the last of those stops where he began to blossom as a pitcher. The Texas Rangers selected the raw but promising youngster in the eighth round of the 2014 draft.

More moves were afoot. Texas subsequently swapped Swanson to the Yankees in August 2016 as part of the Carlos Beltrán deal, and in November 2018, he was shipped from New York to Seattle in a trade involving James Paxton. The latter move went a long way toward shaping his future. A handful of months into his 2019 rookie season — his MLB debut came that April — Swanson was switched from a starter to a full-time reliever. Even more impactful was a suggestion he received from Seattle’s then-bullpen coach Jim Brower.

“He told me to think about throwing the splitter and pairing that up with my fastball,” Swanson said. “My changeup hadn’t been very good. A lot of guys were shutting it down right out of the hand, and I was also having a tough time throwing it in the zone. So I started messing around with grips after the 2019 season. The splitter changed the course of my career.”

It took time for Swanson to develop what is now his signature pitch. The COVID-19 pandemic shutting down spring training in 2020 just as he was getting a feel for it was one hurdle to overcome. His anatomy was another.

“I’ve got really small hands,” he admitted. ”Initially, I was having a lot of pain [below the crook of the pointer and middle fingers] because I couldn’t get around the baseball very well. It definitely wasn’t a good pitch from the get-go.”

North Dakota backroads provided a panacea. Swanson had moved back to Fargo in 2015 — his family had previously relocated when he was six years old — and spent many hours of his offseason driving around in his pickup truck with a baseball tucked between his fingers, stretching them out. The increased flexibility improved the comfortability of his new splitter grip, the genesis of which was a video clip of a now-Blue Jays teammate.

“One of the guys I watched when I was trying to figure it out was Kevin Gausman, who was with the Giants at the time,” Swanson said. “I watched a video where he explained his grip, I started holding it similar to the way he does, and from there it kind of just clicked.

“Initially, I’d tried to use a traditional splitter grip, but my hands just couldn’t do it. I ended up bringing [the pinky and ring fingers] up on the side. They’re together with [the middle finger]. Then I’m just kind of running the two seams and getting around it a little bit. Gausman’s is similar to that. but he’s got bigger hands than I do, so he’s actually able to curl [his index finger] a little bit. I don’t do that. He’s also got the one seam that comes down the middle, and I’ve got the two seams that comes down the middle.”

Asked how Swanson’s and his pitches compare, Gausman, who arguably possesses the game’s best splitter, pointed both to movement and mechanics.

“It’s a different shape of a split,” Swanson said. “I would say he probably has more horizontal, while I have more vert. He’s also got a little funk in his delivery and hides the ball really well. I think hitters see his later than they do mine. So while the grips are very similar, the way we throw is pretty different. Arm angle, approach angle… but what matters is that we both have success with the pitch.”

That’s an understatement. Opponents are batting .203 with a .234 slug against Gausman’s split this season, and they’ve fared even worse against Swanson’s. The well-traveled reliever has delivered 124 splitters this season — 48.6% of his total pitches thrown — and allowed a .105 batting average and a .158 slugging percentage. Not bad for a kid from Fargo, which is how Swanson identifies himself, despite plans to change his home address yet one more time.

“I’m Fargo through and through,” he said. “Even though I haven’t spent my entire life there, it will always be home for me. I’m actually moving north, though, to Roseau, Minnesota, where my wife is from. Roseau is 12 miles from the Canadian border, around 3,000 people live there, and I love that area of the country. I love the outdoors, so it’s the perfect place for me.”

Given the success he’s having on mound, Toronto is a perfect place for him as well. Fargo’s own has been a stalwart out of the Blue Jays’ bullpen.

Matt Chapman has long been a sabermetric darling, but it was largely on the basis of combining elite defense at the hot corner with merely above-average offense. While he’s always hit the ball hard, his rather low BABIPs and middling contact skills have been a ceiling on his production at the plate. With his glove in decline and entering his age-30 season, it was an open question as to how lucrative he would find free agency at the end of the season. But Chapman’s 2023 season has been an offensive tour de force, with a seasonal line of .364/.449/.636, a 202 wRC+ and 2.0 WAR as of Thursday morning. The Blue Jays have gotten better than a .700 OPS at only three positions this season (first base, third base, shortstop), and Chapman’s sterling performance is one of the main reasons the offense has still been able to rank sixth in the American League in runs scored.

Just to get it out of the way: Chapman’s not going to hit .364 for the 2023 season. Looking at the zBABIP that ZiPS calculates for him, it thinks his BABIP should be more like .300 based on how he’s hit, not the current .461 figure. But what does look like it’s here to stay is the level of power he’s displayed; if he were a computer program, David Lightman would have skipped Global Thermonuclear War and played Matt Chapman instead. An average exit velocity of 95.6 mph and a hard-hit rate of 66.7% are in ultra-elite territory, and small sample sizes for data like these are relatively meaningful. Chapman’s barrel percentage so far has approached a ludicrous 30%, a number nobody’s been able to touch in a full season (Aaron Judge at 26.2% in 2022 is the only player so far to beat 25%). Read the rest of this entry »

José Berríos has gotten shelled this year. Through five starts, he’s allowed 17 runs, 15 of them earned, good for a 4.71 ERA. Per our calculation of RA9-WAR, that means Berríos has been almost exactly replacement level, worth 0.1 wins above replacement so far this season. That follows last year’s debacle, when he was worth 0.2 wins below replacement by the same calculation. For a guy the Jays saw as their long-term ace a few years ago, it’s been a precipitous fall.

José Berríos has been lights out this year. He’s striking out 26.1% of his opponents and walking only 4.3%. That 21.7% gap between strikeout and walk rates is 15th among starters this year, just ahead of Gerrit Cole, who you’ve maybe heard of. It’s not just strikeouts and walks, either: Berríos has allowed only a single home run all year. He sports a 2.32 FIP. By our calculation of FIP-based WAR, he’s the eighth-best starter in baseball this season, just a hair behind Shohei Ohtani.

That gap between ERA and FIP is, to put it mildly, extreme. It’s the second-largest gap in baseball behind Nathan Eovaldi, who’s allowing a .413 BABIP so far this year – oof. What gives with Berríos? Let’s investigate and see which side feels more like the truth. Read the rest of this entry »