Archive for FanGraphs Lab

After taking a few months off from releasing new experimental data visualization options in the FanGraphs Lab, I’m happy to announce that we’re back at it. Meet the Count Progression tool:

With the advent of the ABS challenge system, this year’s league-wide walk rate has been in the news. The first month of the season featured a huge number of walks, and while subsequent months haven’t been quite as extreme, we’re still tracking for the highest full-season walk rate of the 21st century (2020 was weird, naturally). When I was tracking down where those extra walks were coming from back in May, I came up with the idea of looking at each count in isolation to hunt for changing behavior. This tool is an offshoot of that line of research. Read the rest of this entry »

Taylor Ward has made a big league career out of lifting and pulling the ball. Drafted in the first round in 2015, he didn’t find a full-time role in the majors until 2022, but he ran with the job as soon as he got it. Despite unexciting bat speed, Ward consistently ambushed fastballs and tucked them over the left field fence. He clobbered 98 home runs from 2022-25 for the Angels, posted a 119 wRC+, and racked up 11 WAR over the span, one of the team’s best players. Then he got traded to the Orioles this winter with only one year left until free agency, and decided to completely remake his game.

I’m only partially kidding. See, Ward might have made his name as a 25-homer-a-year type, but he’s abandoned that style completely in Baltimore. He’s launched only three long balls this season, and his barrel rate, average exit velocity, and fly ball rate are all career lows. His average bat speed is down 1.5 miles an hour, now in the fifth percentile league-wide. Even when he does get the ball in the air, he’s pulling it at a career-low rate; only 19.4% of his elevated contact goes to left field. That’s why his isolated power has declined from .192 as an Angel to .103 as an Oriole. And oh yeah, he’s having one of the best seasons of his career.

That’s right – Ward might not be hitting for power, but he’s getting on base at a preposterous clip. His 18.8% walk rate is third in baseball. His .403 OBP is fifth. He’s not barely surviving on some weird BABIP spike or doing anything visibly unsustainable. He just started swinging slower and making more contact, more or less, and the results have been downright incredible; his 126 wRC+ would be the second-best mark of his career if he can sustain it the rest of the season. Read the rest of this entry »

Since the start of the year, I’ve been watching Jordan Walker mash the ball as I try to figure out something to say about it. As a card-carrying Walker booster – I’ve got a Top 50 Trade Value ranking to prove it – I’m very willing to believe in Walker’s promise. But as a sometime Cardinals fan – being a professional baseball writer makes fandom complicated – I’m afraid of getting burned. Walker has already gone from one of the most heralded prospects in the game to one of its worst-performing full-time players. Now he’s one of the best-performing players? Being a little skeptical is just a matter of self-preservation.

Now that we’re a month and a half into the season, though, I can’t keep myself from investigating. Walker hasn’t had stretches this productive since his rookie year. He hasn’t had stretches where he’s hit the ball on the ground this rarely as a major leaguer, period. He’s been 14.5 runs above average offensively in 2026 – after being 13 runs below average offensively for his entire career before now. If that isn’t screaming for an article, I don’t know what is.

If you know two things about Walker, they’re probably these: He swings hard, and he can’t get the ball off the ground. That makes it easy to think through how he might improve: keep swinging hard and stop hitting it on the ground. When I designed the Squared-Up Explorer for the FanGraphs Lab, Walker was actually one of my favorite examples to use. Look at where his best swings are, compared to another guy who swings very hard:

The bubble size represents frequency, and being further right means more squared-up contact. Before 2026, Walker squared up the ball most frequently on grounders, and he hit a ton of them. For his part, Judge isn’t squaring the ball up every time he hits it or anything, but he’s following a simple recipe. He swings really hard, he gets the ball in the air a lot, and then he profits. The harder you swing, the more valuable hitting the ball flush becomes; Judge doesn’t need to hit it pure every time to clobber dingers at a historic rate. Read the rest of this entry »

Last week, we released a baseball simulator in the FanGraphs Lab. This week, we’re adding home field advantage to the simulator. You can toggle HFA on and off using a new menu option:

The chosen home field advantage will then be applied to whatever simulation you run. But how do we calculate home field advantage in this simulated environment? Let’s go over it. Read the rest of this entry »

In pitching, there’s a fundamental tension between the two best results you can obtain: strikeouts and grounders. Strikeouts are obviously the best, but grounders are incredible too. Batters put up a .232 wOBA when they hit the ball on the ground, as compared to .462 in the air (popups are another category of good batted ball, but I’m lumping them in with aerial contact today for simplicity’s sake). The thing is, the pitches that induce strikeouts tend not to induce grounders, and vice versa. Sinkers don’t miss bats, and four-seamers don’t keep the ball on the ground. It’s quite the bind.

There are, of course, pitchers who can do both. Nolan McLean springs to mind. There’s peak Zack Britton, Framber Valdez at his curve-spinning best, some good Cristopher Sánchez games perhaps. For the most part, though, it’s really hard to do both. I came up with a simple rule to measure how good pitchers were at it last year: divide grounders by two, add strikeouts, subtract walks, and divide by total batters faced. Aroldis Chapman, Jhoan Duran, and Andrew Kittredge paced the league in it last year, with Shohei Ohtani and Mason Miller rounding out the top five. Those guys were all incredibly effective.

It’s early in the season, of course, but do you know who’s leading baseball in this ratio in 2026? Well, it’s Mason Miller. Oops. I guess breaking baseball will do that. If you’re striking out 70% of the guys you face, of course you’ll lead this measure. But the only other player above 50%? That’d be Riley O’Brien, the new Cardinals closer, who has been one of the best stories in baseball so far this year. Read the rest of this entry »

There hasn’t been much joy in Mudville Queens so far this year. The New York Mets have stumbled hard out of the gate and currently hold the worst record in the National League. That’s far from what was expected before the season, when they were among the betting favorites to win the World Series. You know all that, undoubtedly. We’ve written about it, as have others. But despite that rough start, it’s not all bad. Mets fans also get to experience my favorite thing in baseball so far this year: thinking along with Nolan McLean as he pitches.

McLean is the kind of pitcher you’d design in a lab if your main goal was sheer whimsical delight (he’s also incredibly good, of course). He imparts a ridiculous amount of spin on the ball, which means his pitches move like they have a tiny rocket booster activating midway to home plate (or a minuscule amount of astrophage, for the Project Hail Mary fans out there). Here’s a visual representation of that in our Paired Pitches tool:

It’s actually hard to fit more than one of McLean’s pitches in the strike zone at the same time. His curveball moves more than any other in baseball, with a comical 48 inches of separation from his sinker. His sweeper isn’t far behind; it breaks to his glove side by 21 inches, while his sinker fades arm side by 18 inches, a 39-inch horizontal gap. Home plate is 17 inches wide. You can do the math. Read the rest of this entry »

Before we get into the power rankings proper, I wanted to highlight a new tool in the FanGraphs Lab: the Power Rankings Board. As you can guess, it’s a leaderboard showing Elo ratings, playoff odds, and Power Scores for every team. It includes a date filter, so you can look up the power rankings on any date over the last five years — our Elo rating data goes back to the start of 2022. There’s also a graph mode to help you visualize the ups and downs of your team throughout the season.

Inspired by the emoji on Ben Clemens’ Hot Streak tool, I’ve also included some emojis in this table to show which teams are on a hot or cold streak or are facing particularly tough or easy stretch of opponents.

I’ll be referencing this tool throughout the season. I hope you enjoy!

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Our power rankings use a modified Elo rating system. If you’re familiar with chess rankings or FiveThirtyEight’s defunct sports section, you’ll know that Elo is an elegant ranking format that measures teams’ relative strength and is very reactive to recent performance. To avoid overweighting recent results during the season, we weigh each team’s raw Elo rank using our coin flip playoff odds. (Specifically, we regress the playoff odds by 50% and weigh those against the raw Elo ranking, increasing in weight as the season progresses to a maximum of 25%.) The weighted Elo ranks are then displayed as “Power Score” in the tables below. As the best and worst teams sort themselves out throughout the season, they’ll filter to the top and bottom of the rankings, while the exercise will remain reactive to hot streaks or cold snaps.

First up are the full rankings, presented in a sortable table. Below that, I’ve grouped the teams into tiers with comments on a handful of clubs. You’ll notice that the official ordinal rankings don’t always match the tiers — there are times where I take editorial liberties when grouping teams together — but generally, the ordering is consistent. One thing to note: The playoff odds listed in the tables below are our standard Depth Charts odds, not the coin flip odds that are used in the ranking formula.

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The Dodgers have company in this top tier. The Braves just completed a weekend sweep of the Phillies and have already opened up a five-game lead in the NL East. After a slow-ish start, Austin Riley has started to heat up over these last few weeks; he blasted three home runs last week and has collected multiple hits in six of his last 11 games. After a couple of down seasons, the Atlanta offense looks a lot like the dominant 2023 group, and that’s thanks to some bounce-backs from Riley, Ozzie Albies and Michael Harris II, and some surprise production from guys like Dominic Smith and Mauricio Dubón.

As for the Dodgers, they swept the Mets earlier in the week before losing two games in a row in Colorado over the weekend. The big concern is Edwin Díaz’s arm. He made his first appearance since April 10 on Sunday and allowed three runs to give away the lead in the eighth inning. His velocity was down a couple of ticks, and suddenly, the guy the Dodgers brought in to stabilize a shaky bullpen is himself facing some mounting issues.

Mason Miller picked up his league-leading eighth save on Sunday, though he only struck out two, pushing his FIP up a few points to -1.11. It was a return to form for Miller after he allowed just his second hit and second walk of the season in his appearance on Saturday — there was a man in scoring position against him before he shut the door! With so much elite pitching in the league these days, the idea of a reliever winning the Cy Young is farfetched, but Miller is quickly off to one of the strongest starts for a relief pitcher in history. His dominance is a big reason why the Padres are just a half-game behind the Dodgers in the NL West.

Aaron Judge isn’t leading the Yankees offense right now. That honor is currently held by Ben Rice, with his .338/.476/.800 (a 245 wRC+) slash line. He’s hit a home run in four straight games. Not to be out done, Judge cracked five homers last week, including four in a four-game series against the Angels — Mike Trout hit five of his own in that series — in a fantastic display of slugging. After a rough sweep in Tampa Bay to close out the previous week, the Yankees look like they’ve righted the ship with five wins in their last seven games.

Move aside AL East, the NL Central looks like the toughest division in baseball right now. All five teams in that division are above .500, and both the Cubs and Cardinals are riding five-game winning streaks.

Chicago’s injury woes continued last week, as the team placed closer Daniel Palencia on the IL with a strained oblique. No matter. The offense carried the load in a series win against the Phillies and a sweep of the Mets. The lineup scored double-digit runs in three straight games and completed a come-from-behind extra-innings victory on Sunday. The guys leading the offense? Nico Hoerner (159 wRC+) and Carson Kelly (160), just like the Cubs drew it up.

With a strong performance last week, the Reds pulled into sole possession of first place in the Central, though it certainly looks like they’re a little out over their skis with a -8 run differential. They’ve banked so many wins in spite of their underlying metrics because they’re already 6-0 in one-run games. To wit, Cincinnati’s bullpen has the best ERA in baseball, at 2.31, with Emilio Pagán, Tony Santillan, and Graham Ashcraft forming a potent, if unheralded, trio of high-leverage arms.

The Tigers were the latest team to sign one of their top prospects to a massive contract, agreeing to an eight-year, $150 million deal with Kevin McGonigle on Wednesday. He’s been one of the best hitters on a Detroit team that had been scuffling to start the season. Things turned around last week, though, when the Tigers rattled off six straight wins by sweeping the Marlins and Royals, and then won two of three against the Red Sox over the weekend in a series that concludes on Monday. With the second-best run differential in the AL, Detroit is now just a half-game behind the Guardians in the Central.

Parker Messick came within three outs of securing the year’s first no-hitter on Thursday. Along with Gavin Williams, the Guardians have two phenomenal starters leading their rotation; Messick is fourth in baseball with a 1.05 ERA, and Williams is 13th with a 2.12 ERA. On the other side of the ball, José Ramírez is finally heating up at the plate; he launched two home runs on Sunday, his third and fourth of the week, and he’s collected multiple hits in six of his last 11 games.

The Brewers bounced back from a rough stretch to win both of their series last week. Despite a 12-9 record, they’re currently tied with the Cubs for last place in the NL Central, owing to the aforementioned strength of that division. For those of you wondering if Brice Turang could repeat last year’s power breakout in 2026, he’s done so emphatically through the first month of the season. He’s taken another step forward with his contact quality and is currently slugging .571 with a 180 wRC+.

The Twins have slipped back to .500 after getting swept by the Reds last weekend. Minnesota is getting some excellent production from a couple of young starters acquired last July; Taj Bradley has allowed just five total runs across his five phenomenal starts, and Mick Abel has tossed two scoreless outings in a row, including a seven-inning, 10-strikeout gem last Tuesday against the Red Sox. With Pablo López out for the season, finding two mid-rotation starters from the pile of players brought into the organization during last summer’s sell-off would be a huge positive development for the franchise.

Who needs Jackson Holliday when you’ve got Jeremiah Jackson holding down the fort at second base? The Orioles utility infielder has done an admirable job filling in for Holliday while the young phenom rehabs from his hamate surgery. Jackson collected nine hits last week and blasted four home runs — and he took his first walk of the season on Sunday! At this rate, Baltimore will have to find a spot to play him when Holliday wraps up his rehab assignment, which could be as soon as next week.

The five clubs in this tier are really testing whether or not Dan Szymborski was right to say that pennants can be lost in April. The woes of the Mets have overshadowed the Phillies’ rough start to the season. With the worst run differential in baseball, Philadelphia is fourth in the NL East and just 1 1/2 games ahead of the floundering Mets. Phillies pitchers have been hit pretty hard, and the offense has been really slow to get going. Zack Wheeler is on track to be activated off the IL this weekend, and the hope is that he can stabilize the shaky starting rotation.

Things have quickly spiraled out of control for the Mets. They lost their 11th game in a row on Sunday, and it’s easy to see why: They’ve been shut out three times, scored four or more runs just twice, and totaled just 19 runs during this losing streak. Jared Young, one of the only hitters who was producing, was placed on the IL last Monday with a torn meniscus, and Jorge Polanco joined him later in the week. Mercifully, Juan Soto is expected to return from his calf injury sometime this week, and the Mets desperately need him to provide a spark for the offense.

The Astros earned a couple of hard-fought wins against the Rockies last week, but were subsequently swept by the Cardinals over the weekend. With a pitching staff absolutely ravaged by injuries, Spencer Arrighetti’s six-inning start on Wednesday had to have been a breath of fresh air. It was just the second time in 13 games that an Astros starter has completed six innings. Yordan Alvarez is doing everything in his power to carry the team on his back; he’s collected 14 hits over his last 10 games, including six home runs, but given the pitching woes, his production hasn’t been enough.

I’m not sure if the Angels are good or not, but they’ve certainly been entertaining to watch. The slugfest between Trout and Judge in New York was a bit surreal to watch — two future Hall of Famers matching each other home run for home run, one looking to get back to his previous level of production and the other securely in his prime. And there was Oswald Peraza getting some measure of revenge against his former team; he collected five hits and two home runs in that series. Peraza’s performance has been a pleasant surprise this year; he’s sporting a 147 wRC+ so far.

The Rockies have looked like a competent ball club from time to time this year. That’s more than could be said for them last year. Some clutch hitting earned them two wins against the Dodgers last weekend, and they have a shot at a series win in the final game of the four-game wraparound series on Monday. The most surprising performance has come from Antonio Senzatela; he allowed his first run of the season on Sunday. With a 32.7% strikeout rate and a 1.39 FIP, he has been fantastic in his reinvention as a reliever this year. And it’s not just Senzatela. Colorado’s relief corps ranks third in the majors in park- and league-adjusted ERA (69).

We’re excited to announce that the latest addition to the FanGraphs Lab is a baseball simulator:

You can click on any of the day’s games to pre-fill the rosters, or build your own using current players. The simulator will then simulate a game 10,000 times. Read the rest of this entry »

We’ve released a new tool in the FanGraphs Lab. The Paired Pitches tool is a visualizer that shows how the different pitches that a pitcher throws interact with each other. It measures how much gravity, speed, and movement make each pitch diverge from a common center point. It’s probably easiest to start with a picture. This is Yoshinobu Yamamoto’s pitch mix as shown in the Paired Pitches tool:

To use the tool, you pick a pitcher, pick a pitch, and then click anywhere on or around the strike zone to locate that pitch. The tool then locates every other pitch the pitcher throws in relation to that pitch. You can drag any pitch in the resulting graphic to move the locations around, and they’ll remain paired with each other, with the same relative movement distribution:

If you’re wondering why a hitter might swing over a Yamamoto slider in the dirt, it’s because its initial trajectory looks a lot like a middle-middle fastball. If you’re wondering why they might take a cutter on the corner, well, it’s because it looks a lot like a slider in the dirt.

Now for a quick math interlude: The way this tool works is by assuming that each pitch is released from a distinct release point, but aimed so that they would intersect at the same point on the two-dimensional plane of the strike zone if they continued traveling from their release point to home plate with no effects from spin or gravity. Think of it as where a pitch would “go” if you just drew a straight line in the direction the ball is moving immediately upon leaving the pitcher’s hand.

Conveniently enough, that idea of measuring movement in comparison to an imaginary, no-acceleration world and plotting intersect points at home plate is exactly how the math of pitch movement already works. The Paired Pitches tool just does the math for every pitch as though they were “aimed” at a point that puts the anchor pitch wherever you want it.

In practice, that’s sometimes but not always how pitchers use their pitches. Pitchers pair some of their pitches, some of the time, and in different combinations. Take Garrett Crochet. He can pair an in-zone fastball with a diving changeup against righties:

Against lefties, he works off of his sinker, turning the zone into a horizontal nightmare for batters. His sinker lives inside, his sweeper dives away, and he can even use the cutter/sinker pairing to get called strikes on the inner half. The same pitches, paired in different locations, have different effects, which is why you can drag them around in the tool and change anchors:

Now that I’ve shown you how much fun it is to pair pitches and think along with pitchers and catchers, it’s time for a few caveats. This shorthand way of explaining how pitches diverge on their path home isn’t going to explain everything about pitching overnight. Curveballs, in particular, don’t fit into this paradigm well. Pitchers don’t “aim” them, in terms of initial trajectory, at the same spot as their fastballs. Curveballs are so slow that they’d just fall too far on the way home. Instead, pitchers aim at a higher point, which helps explain the distinctive “hump” out of the hand that sometimes helps batters pick them up.

We don’t claim that this tool captures everything about pitch interaction. Pitchers can and do select pitches for how they look compared to one another, but they also employ plenty of other tactics. They might want to throw a pitch on a completely different trajectory than the previous one to change the batter’s eye level. They might want to throw a slider that doesn’t tunnel with anything to take advantage of a batter who doesn’t swing at spin early. But frequently, they want to pair a fastball in with a sweeper away and get batters to swing at both of them:

Below, I’ve compiled a list of tips, tricks, and frequently asked questions from some early testing of this tool:

• Bubble sizes are proportional to the movement variation of each pitch. Pitches with variable movement profiles like splitters and changeups have larger bubbles because their movement is less certain from one pitch to the next. Fastballs tend to have smaller variations in their movement. You can change the bubbles to be baseball-sized in the settings.
• If a pitch isn’t showing up, it’s probably because that pitcher hasn’t thrown enough of them in the filter/time frame you’re looking at. You can lower the minimums in the dropdown.
• This tool, and all Lab tools, now have copy and download options. If you want to share a picture of it, we want you to be able to.
• I think the separation lines look pretty sharp, but they can be toggled off in settings.
• If you’re using this to think like a pitcher, remember that fastballs pair best with different pitches depending on where they’re located.
• Since we’re calculating a lot of pitch metrics and also location, we dynamically calculate vertical approach angle in the Pitch Metrics tab. It’s a great interactive lesson in how much plate location influences approach angle.
• Go look at Nolan McLean’s arsenal. It’s so fun – and this tool explains why he has a hell of a time commanding his curveball.

Sean and I expect to make feature updates to the Paired Pitches tool in the coming weeks and months. This version was good enough to release, but we’re still making improvements of our own. We also want to hear what improvements you’d make, so please give us feedback via the menu that pops up on every Lab page.

In Bubba Chandler’s first start of the 2026 season, he didn’t allow a single hit. Oh yeah, and he struck out more than 30% of the batters he faced. Spectacular! Just, um, don’t look over at the walk column. Oh, you did? Yeah, fine, he walked more than 30% of the batters he faced, too. Oh, and he allowed a run, and didn’t get out of the fifth inning. To understand what Chandler was up to, and what it might mean for the rest of his year, we’ll have to dig a little deeper.

Chandler leaned heavily on his fastball to start his year, as many pitchers do in their first appearance of the season. He breezed through the first inning with 11 straight fastballs, eclipsing 100 mph on the radar gun four times and essentially daring the Reds to hit it. TJ Friedl waved feebly at 100 above the zone. Matt McLain did the same. Chandler’s fastball is dynamite, particularly when he’s locating it high. It explodes upwards, and some offseason tweaks have it moving less arm side than before, making it even harder to square up.

I could watch a montage of Chandler overpowering Reds hitters all day. In fact, you can too:

You can see how difficult it is to track Chandler’s fastball by watching the check swings. The pitch that Jose Trevino, the last batter in that loop, offered at was more than a foot above the zone. The combination of velo, movement, and Chandler’s loping delivery means that hitters have a lot of trouble figuring out where the ball is going. Read the rest of this entry »