Thomas White is having an impressive first full professional season. Drafted 35th overall last year by the Miami Marlins out of Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts, the 19-year-old left-hander has a 2.84 ERA, a 2.99 FIP, and a 29.6% strikeout rate over 76 innings between Low-A Jupiter and High-A Beloit. His late-May promotion to the higher of those two levels came for a simple reason. As our lead prospect analyst Eric Longenhagen explained when assigning him a 45+ in early June, White’s stuff was simply too good for the Florida State League.

I had an opportunity to talk to the promising youngster when Beloit played at West Michigan earlier this week, and one of the things I made it a point to learn about was the mindset that augments his arsenal. I began by asking him how much of a role analytics are playing in his development.

“I’m starting to learn more about the actual numbers and how all that stuff works,” White told me. “At the end of the day, I like to just go out and get outs — I’ve never been a big tech guy — but I definitely know a lot more about my pitches now that I have access to all the data. So, I’m still learning, and I want to learn, but the best measurement for me is how hitters react to them.”

The pitches that hitters are reacting to include a four-seam fastball that has been averaging, according to White, 95.6 mph and 17.5 inches of vertical ride. He is also throwing a two-seam changeup and a sweeper-slider. Currently in the works, but not yet part of his repertoire, is “a shorter gyro pitch,” either a cutter or a hard slider. Read the rest of this entry »

The Orioles have had their ups and downs lately. Since July 7, a point at which they led the American League East by three games, they’ve gone 11-15, briefly dropping out of the top spot; as of this writing, they’re currently tied with the Yankees at 68-48. They were among the busiest teams ahead of the trade deadline, but their approach was geared more towards quantity instead of quality, as none of their additions rate as an impact player. They’ve dealt with a handful of injuries lately, but in the absence of infielders Jorge Mateo and Jordan Westburg, top prospect Jackson Holliday has gotten another look, and so far he’s been quite impressive.

Recalled on July 31, more than three months after his abortive first stint in the majors ended, Holliday made an immediate impact by hitting a 439-foot grand slam off the Blue Jays’ Yerry Rodríguez for his first major league home run. He went hitless the next day, then peeled off three straight two-hit games against the Guardians; in the last of those, on Sunday, he hit a solo homer off Gavin Williams. He homered in his next two games as well, with a solo shot off the Blue Jays’ Chris Bassitt on Tuesday and a two-run blast off Ryan Burr on Wednesday:

That last homer turned a 3-2 deficit into a 4-3 lead in what wound up as a 7-3 victory. It also made Holliday the youngest player in AL history to homer in three consecutive games, at 20 years and 247 days old. His streak ended on Thursday with an 0-for-4 night against the Blue Jays, though Holliday did collect an RBI for the sixth game in a row, driving in a run on a ninth-inning groundout.

Like teammates Adley Rutschman in 2022 and Gunnar Henderson in ’23, the 20-year-old Holliday entered the year as the consensus no. 1 prospect. He appeared on track to break camp with the Orioles given a strong performance in the Grapefruit League, but the team instead optioned him to Triple-A Norfolk in late March, with his limited experience at that level (18 games last year), at second base (26 games), and against upper-level left-handed pitching all apparently factoring into decision, as did a roster crunch.

Some of that may have been typical front office lip service, however, as Holliday didn’t have to wait long for his first opportunity. With a stretch of facing five lefty starters in their first nine games behind them, the Orioles called up Holliday, who had hit .333/.482/.595 through his first 10 games at Norfolk. He debuted on April 10 with an 0-for-4 showing against the Red Sox, striking out twice but driving in a run on an RBI groundout. Unfortunately, things didn’t get much better; in fact, he was utterly overmatched, going 2-for-34 with two walks and 18 strikeouts in 10 games. While general manager Mike Elias and manager Brandon Hyde both publicly expressed confidence that Holliday would still become an impactful player soon, the Orioles optioned him to Norfolk on April 26.

“I think the bright side of this is he got very intense, very specific feedback from major league pitching,” Elias said at the time. “He’s a brilliant talent and a very sharp kid, and I expect he’s going to go implement those adjustments really quickly. But we felt that Triple-A and steady playing time in Triple-A was the place for that.”

Back at Norfolk, Holliday put up respectable numbers (.252/.418/.429) before missing two weeks in June due to elbow inflammation. Just days after he returned, colleague Eric Longenhagen noted some disconcerting aspects of his performance:

In a way, the IL stint was comforting because it offered a potential explanation for why Holliday’s performance and ferocious bat speed had tapered off a bit. Holliday’s spray chart shifted away from his pull side and moved toward left field and the third base line in the weeks leading up to his shelving. He was inside-outing lots of contact the opposite way, including pitches on the inner third of the plate that he typically turns on, and it was taking what appeared to be an uncomfortable and excessive amount of effort for him to swing hard.

Once he came off the IL at Norfolk, Holliday showed more power, but he was limited to DH duty until after the All-Star break. On July 29, a day before the trade deadline, Longenhagen further noted some defensive concerns, writing in his Top 100 Hitting Prospects Update, “He looks rather rusty and uncomfortable, if not still compromised to some extent. He’s making a lot of routine plays look harder than they need to be, and the quality of his hands has backed up.”

“[H]e does look like a 20-year-old lost in a sea of adults, and it’s become tough to make a strong argument for Holliday over James Wood right now,” concluded Longenhagen, who downgraded Holliday from a 70 FV prospect to a 65, which allowed Wood to take over the top spot on The Board.

While all of that was going down, so were Orioles infielders. On July 23, Mateo — who has made a team-high 52 starts at second base plus three at shortstop and two in center field — injured his left arm in a collision with Henderson. The 29-year-old infielder was diagnosed with an elbow subluxation and placed on the IL, while prospect Connor Norby was recalled from Norfolk. Five days and five starts at second base later, Norby was traded to the Marlins in a deal for Trevor Rogers; that same day, Mateo was transferred to the 60-day IL.

The next day, Holliday returned to the majors, but immediately before he hit his grand slam, Rodríguez drilled Westburg — who has made 64 starts at third base, 35 at second, and one at shortstop — in the right hand with a 95-mph fastball. The 25-year-old infielder suffered a fracture, interrupting a breakout season in which he’s hit .269/.317/.497 (129 wRC+) with 18 homers and earned All-Star honors. The hope is that he’ll be back in mid-September, in time to get tuned up for the postseason, but even given the Orioles’ depth, his absence looms large.

Those injuries have cleared a path for Holliday to get a long look at second base. As he’s still climbing out of the statistical hole he dug in April, his overall slash line looks pretty grim (.177/.239/.387, 76 wRC+ in 67 plate appearances), and the sample sizes for his splits are even smaller. But with the caveat that these numbers mostly haven’t reached the point of stabilizing, within those numbers we can at least discern some positive trends:

The first big thing to note beyond the fact that he’s been productive since returning is that Holliday has gotten his strikeout rate under control. Mind you, he has struck out at least once in all 18 of his games, putting him one short of Austin Jackson’s 2010 record of 19 consecutive games with strikeouts to start a career.

The second thing to note is that Holliday has taken a more aggressive approach at the plate since returning. While he’s swinging at more pitches both in and out of the zone, he’s coming up empty less often:

I don’t think there’s much to be gleaned from his pitch-type splits since returning given that Holliday has seen fewer than a dozen examples of every offering besides four-seamers and sliders. His four homers have each come against a different pitch (four-seamer, slider, curve, cutter), so that’s something.

The third thing to note is that Holliday’s contact since returning has been loud:

Of Holliday’s 20 batted balls since returning, 14 have been hard-hit balls with exit velocities of 95 mph or higher, 11 of them 100 mph or higher. Granted, six of those hard-hit balls have been grounders (five of at least 100 mph), but he’s turned three into singles, and even with his high groundball rate, he’s barreled half a dozen balls in this short time. His total of 36 batted balls is still short of the point of stabilization, but those barrel and hard-hit rates would both rank among the top half-dozen if they were maintained over (much) larger samples.

One more note on batted balls: Where Longenhagen was concerned with how often Holliday was hitting to the opposite field, his 55% pull rate and 20% oppo rates since returning — not to mention the fact that all four homers were to his pull side — suggest he’s moved past that issue. As for his defense, Holliday did make a nice pick to start what upon review proved to be a game-ending double play on July 31, but the jury is still out on his transition.

It’s premature to suggest Holliday has everything ironed out, but at the very least, he’s given the Orioles a most welcome boost. That still leaves them with numerous issues, however. Prospect Coby Mayo, who is no. 12 on The Board, was called up on August 2 to play third base, but so far he’s 0-for-13 with eight strikeouts; this week’s signing of free agent J.D. Davis, who hit just .218/.293/.338 (85 wRC+) for the A’s and Yankees, to a minor league contract suggests Mayo’s leash may not be long. Heston Kjerstad, who landed on the 7-day concussion IL after being beaned by a 97-mph Clay Holmes fastball on July 12, is back on the IL with lingering concussion symptoms after going just 2-for-18 upon returning. The reserve outfielder fitting into his roster slot, Austin Slater, has hit just .205/.331/.250 (77 wRC+) in his three-team odyssey this year.

More concerning is the rotation, which has already lost Kyle Bradish and John Means to Tommy John surgery and Tyler Wells to UCL brace surgery, and which has been lit for a 5.19 ERA and 4.66 FIP since the start of July, and has a 5.10 ERA even after the acquisitions of Rogers and Zach Eflin. Earlier this week, Grayson Rodriguez landed on the IL due a mild right lat strain. “He’s going to miss some time,” said Hyde. “We’re going to shut him down for a little while, get him some rest and recovery, get him some rehab. I think we’re optimistic about it.” His absence leaves a rather unimposing rotation behind ace Corbin Burnes, with Rogers and Eflin joined by Dean Kremer and swingman Albert Suárez. Of that group, only Burnes has an ERA below 4.00 since the start of July, with Kremer and Suárez well above 5.00. Fortunately for the Orioles, the Yankees have problems of their own, including a rotation that’s been even worse (5.59 ERA, 4.81 FIP) since the start of July, and unlike Elias, Brian Cashman did nothing to try to fix it at the deadline.

At this point, the division race looks like one between two rather flawed teams, and any advantages with regards to depth and player health could swing the balance. After a rough start, Holliday is not only fitting in but making an impact, and that can only help the Orioles.

If you know a Mets fan, you’re probably familiar with the speech. The speech starts like this: “Francisco Lindor is the most underrated player in baseball.” The pronunciation is really important here. You have to pronounce the so that it rhymes with he, and you have to put a big long pause between under and rated. Those are the rules. From that starting point, the speech generally continues for somewhere between 30 seconds and six hours, touching on offense, defense, MLB Network rankings, and at least two versions of WAR. I’ve never been all that sure whether the speech was necessarily true. Lindor’s greatness has always struck me as impossible to ignore. As one of the game’s premier defenders, according to both the advanced metrics and the eye test, he’s always on the highlight reels. He’s received MVP votes in six different seasons and won two Gold Gloves, one Platinum Glove, and three Silver Sluggers. He’s just 30 years old, and he’s already got the 25th-best JAWS score among all shortstops. He’s still adding to his seven-year peak, too. When I started writing this article yesterday, he ranked 26th.

But maybe I’m part of the problem. Maybe while I’ve been taking it for granted that everyone knows about Lindor’s greatness, other people have actually been taking Lindor’s greatness for granted. That would be uncool. As such, this is your annual reminder of just how great Francisco Lindor is. Because we’ve done this before, we’ll take a different tack and focus on things Lindor hasn’t done.

Be an Average Hitter

Lindor is now in his 10th big league season, and he’s never once put up a wRC+ below 101. We’ve seen Lindor have a down year at the plate, but even at his worst, he’s still been an above-average hitter. He graced the pages of FanGraphs for the first time in 2012 in an article with a title that fit perfectly with the auspiciousness of the moment: Midwest League Prospect Update. In it, Mike Newman called Lindor “A gold glove shortstop in the making,” but also wrote, “Lindor may wind up being a bit BABIP dependent.” As it turns out, even in 2021, when Lindor’s BABIP fell all the way to .248, seventh lowest among all qualified players, he managed to be an above-average hitter. I don’t bring that up to rag on Mike. If you remember the beginning of Lindor’s career, you know that although he hit throughout the minors, the hype around his glove was understandably louder. But the consistency is remarkable, especially from a switch-hitter. His career wRC+ is 126 from the right side and 115 from the left side. He’s only put up a below-average wRC+ from either side of the plate twice: He had a 94 wRC+ from the right side in 2016, and a 96 mark in ’21. According to our database, there have been 549 primary shortstops who made at least a thousand plate appearances in the AL and NL since 1903. Lindor’s career 119 wRC+ ranks 19th.

This season, Lindor’s 125 wRC+ puts him on pace for his fifth career season above 120. Read the rest of this entry »

Welcome back to Top of the Order, where every Tuesday and Friday I’ll be starting your baseball day with some news, notes, and thoughts about the game we love.

Last week, I explained how players can still change teams even as trades are no longer allowed. Now that we’re a week-plus into August, I’d like to run down the list of players who could be placed on irrevocable waivers before the month ends, which is the latest that a team can claim them and still have them be eligible for the playoffs. Players placed on waivers are first offered to the worst team in the league, then to the other clubs in ascending order all the way up to the one with the best record at the time of the waiver placement.

I’ll be focusing on teams with playoff odds below 5%, though contending teams teams could see if a rival wants to bite on an onerous contract. (Spoiler alert: they will not.) As a reminder, when a player is claimed off waivers, it’s a straight claim. The team that loses the player gets nothing more than salary relief, as the new team is responsible for the remainder of the contract. Read the rest of this entry »

Josh Bell has only been a Diamondback for a little over a week, but in that short time, he’s made his presence felt. Acquired just ahead of the trade deadline in a deal with the Marlins, Bell stepped in for the injured Christian Walker and homered twice in his debut against the Pirates on August 2. On Wednesday he did it again, bashing two homers in the nightcap of a doubleheader against the Guardians in Cleveland. The Diamondbacks swept the pair of games, moving them into a tie for the National League Wild Card lead and into second in the rapidly tightening NL West race.

Indeed, the Padres aren’t the only NL West team that has gained traction in both races lately. With the sweep, the Diamondbacks have now won 18 of their last 23 games, a run that has rocketed them from two games below .500 to 11 games above while nearly tripling their odds of making the playoffs:

That 18-5 record is the majors’ best in that span, 2.5 games better than the Padres (14-6). The Diamondbacks have done it against a mix of good teams (the Braves, Guardians and Royals occupy playoff positions at this writing, and the Pirates have been right around .500) and not-so-good ones (the Blue Jays, Cubs, and Nationals). Not only are the Diamondbacks now tied with the Padres for the Wild Card lead, they’ve trimmed the Dodgers’ division lead to three games — as close as they’ve been since April 24 — which has really goosed their Playoff Odds. Read the rest of this entry »

Back in February, I wrote (and sang) about the electric debut of Edouard Julien, which featured excellent plate discipline and extreme platoon splits. The rookie second baseman ran a 136 wRC+ and put up 2.8 WAR in just 109 games, then hit even better in the postseason. Facing a steady diet of righties, Julien balanced out a precipitously high strikeout rate with an even better walk rate. He also balanced out roughly average raw power by hitting the ball hard consistently. This season, however, his strikeout rate has gone from high to untenable and his contact quality has taken a significant step back. Julien was sent down to Triple-A St. Paul to figure things out in June. Let’s take a look at what’s going on and how he might be able to fix it.

We should start by making it clear that Julien’s season, while disappointing, has not been disastrous by any means. He has a 93 wRC+, including a much improved 98 wRC+ against left-handed pitching (though once again it’s an extremely small sample size). He’s also improved his defense, and as a result, he’s put up 0.8 WAR over his 63 games with Minnesota. Prorated out over a full 162-game season, he’s right around league average at 2.1 WAR. Read the rest of this entry »

I’m sorry, assorted old people and grumps of the world. Michael Baumann got you all riled up yesterday by looking into whether clutch exists. It does! It’s inarguably a real thing. It’s also not very predictive, and even maybe not predictive at all. I know! It’s shocking (note: it’s not shocking). After reading that, I had no choice but to look into that other baseball truism: momentum.

There have been plenty of studies about it. The findings are consistently uninteresting. It’s basically this: Momentum probably has some effect, but it’s minimal. You can slice it a ton of different ways and get some version of that conclusion, whether you’re talking about a big win helping the next day or a string of important games begetting more.

I thought I’d add to the literature with a different study. I can’t remember which game in particular, but I was watching some ball last week when a team tied the game in the bottom of the fifth or sixth. One announcer mentioned offhandedly that they were heading in the right direction and had the opposition right where they wanted them. This isn’t rare. If you watch baseball, you’ve heard some version of it for sure. I tuned out before the end of the game, so I can’t tell you whether they were right, but I made a note to look at it later.

That particular definition of momentum – rallying to tie the game in the bottom half of the inning – felt ripe for study. I grabbed game logs from every game played since 2000 to take a crack at finding this effect. I went through the score after every half inning and noted a few things. First, I noted the score differential. Next, I noted the change in differential since the last half inning. Finally, I checked who won the game in the end. That let me find whatever subset I wanted and study the difference between games that were tied when the half-inning began and the ones where the home team tied it up during that half-inning.
Read the rest of this entry »

The other week, I was talking to a friend as she fretted over her lack of productivity. Her struggle wasn’t with laziness or a lack of motivation, but rather a severe case of burnout, following her around the way No-Face follows Chihiro in Spirited Away. In the moment, I could see her desperately reaching for more energy to get through the day, like when the chip bag is nearly empty, so you bring it to your mouth and tilt your head back to suck down whatever salty goodness remains.

But instead of encouraging her to power through, I went a different way.

“Y’know, it’s okay to take a break.”

She laughed and said, “That’s what my therapist keeps telling me.”

If you’ve ever described yourself as a perfectionist or a people pleaser, or tied your self-worth to your measurable output, you know taking breaks can be hard.

Athletes learn from the beginning to idolize hard work. Hard work is the salve for every ailment. Wanna get stronger? Work harder. Wanna play better? Work harder. Wanna go pro? Work harder than everyone else. The hardest workers earn their own dedicated titles and recognition, separate from their actual production. Cal Ripken Jr.’s consecutive games played streak earned him the Ironman title. MLB gives out a Heart and Hustle award to whichever player’s heart tells him to hustle the hardest. And every year, we read stories about players and coaches who are the first to arrive to work each morning and the last to leave at night. Read the rest of this entry »

The A’s have been a bummer of a team to follow for a few years now. They’re moving to Vegas. The fans are protesting, but probably fighting a losing battle. They’re going to play in Sacramento, in withering heat, at a (really nice!) minor league stadium. The owner’s a walking punchline. They lost 112 games last year and then made almost no moves over the winter.

Something’s been brewing in the East Bay, though. Not in terms of a surprise playoff contender – they’re 47-68 on the year, and their playoff odds hit 0.0% on June 10. But nonetheless, this is a much better team than last year’s edition, and it’s mostly happened thanks to internal improvements. This version of the A’s looks downright frisky. Last year, playing them was basically a bye series; this year, they’ve almost matched their win total from ’23 and we’re in early August. How’d they do it? In one word, variance. In many words, well, read on and find out.
Read the rest of this entry »

This probably isn’t a problem for most people, but I’m plagued constantly by the memory of frustrating baseball arguments from days past. I probably get into these arguments more than most people, partially because of my (and I hope it doesn’t sound immodest to say this) vast knowledge of the sport, but mostly because I’ve lived most of my life in New Jersey, which his home to the most stubborn, tendentious people you’d ever have the misfortune of meeting.

One such argument took place probably close to 15 years ago, when I ruined what was supposed to be a relaxing Friday evening down the shore by getting into a shouting match over the issue of Alex Rodriguez vs. Derek Jeter. I preferred A-Rod, who would go on to finish his career with a slugging percentage more than 100 points higher than that of his Yankees teammate. I was arguing against someone whose case rested on Jeter being “more clutch.”

If you’re old enough to remember what “analytics bloggers” like me thought about that argument in the 2010s, you can understand my quickness to anger and probably imagine the colors my face turned. When the dust settled, Jeter — who, it turns out, was actually an exceptional hitter all along — did finish with a better career postseason wRC+ than A-Rod. But it was close: 121 to Jeter, 116 for Rodriguez. Read the rest of this entry »