FanGraphs Baseball
Unlocking Juan Soto’s Power Potential
On Friday, MLB.com reporter Sarah Langs wrote an article entitled, “Juan Soto is even better than you think he is.” Soto is already good. Like, really good. And he’s only 21 years old. Langs took Soto’s 2020 ZiPS projections and envisioned the continued growth he could see this upcoming season. If the projections hold up, we could be seeing a historic season from the young Dominican, as Langs explained:
“The only players to have multiple qualified seasons with a 140 or higher wRC+ before their age-22 seasons are Mel Ott (3), [Mike] Trout, Mickey Mantle, Ty Cobb, Rogers Hornsby and Ted Williams. Each of those players’ outstanding starts to their young careers resulted in a Cooperstown plaque, except for Trout, who’s still active but by all measures seems headed there, too.”
ZiPS projects a 5.5 WAR season for Soto with a 149 wRC+, a seven point increase over his 2019 mark. Only six other players are projected to accumulate more WAR and just three are projected to post a higher wRC+ than Soto. After placing second in Rookie of the Year balloting and a year after placing ninth in the NL MVP voting, Soto has a strong case to be one of the early frontrunners in the NL MVP race heading into this season:
| Year | BABIP | ISO | K% | BB% | wRC+ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2018 | 0.338 | 0.225 | 20.0% | 16.0% | 145 |
| 2019 | 0.312 | 0.266 | 20.0% | 16.4% | 142 |
| ZiPS 2020 | 0.323 | 0.270 | 18.7% | 16.7% | 149 |
Padres Place Minor Faith in Brian Dozier
Between 2014 and 2017, Brian Dozier took more major league plate appearances (2,807) than any other player, posting a .348 wOBA and hitting 127 home runs in the process. That performance was good for 18.9 WAR, which was the 11th-best mark posted by any hitter during that period and behind only José Altuve among second basemen. Last fall, he won a championship with the Washington Nationals. This weekend, he reportedly signed a minor league deal with the Padres.
That sequence probably overstates the degree to which Dozier’s stock has fallen. After a catastrophic 2018, his time with the Nationals was a modest success. He brought his offensive performance back to just about league average (99 wRC+), largely on the back of improved selectivity at the plate, and lifted his defense from “atrocious” (in 2018) to “mostly unimpressive” (his career norm). That all added up to 1.7 WAR and a share of a title. In most years, it might also have turned into a major league contract (you predicted a two-year deal worth $18 million). Read the rest of this entry »
Jay Jaffe FanGraphs Chat – 2/24/20
| 12:03 |
: Hey hey, folks! Welcome to another edition of my Monday chat. I’m back from a week spent in sunny Siesta Key, Florida — no baseball, just family stuff like watching my daughter and her cousin splash in a swimming pool and build sandcastles on the beach.
I just finished making a presentation about baseball to my daughter’s preschool class, which was wild. We gave out baseball cards, popcorn, and sunflower seeds, and sang “Take Me Out to the Ballgame.” Did not get into the various flavors of WAR. About to give a presentation about baseball to a bunch of 3-4 year olds in my daughter’s preschool class. Trying to decide first topic
|
| 12:03 |
: Gah, the poll didn’t post there.
|
| 12:04 |
: Happy Monday! The Astros are in for a tough year, especially on the road. At what point in the season do you think we might start to feel for them for all the booing, vitriol etc. Self inflicted of course…but….how long?
|
| 12:05 |
: Hmmm. I can’t see mustering much sympathy for the players who were involved if they’re getting razzed about it daily. I do think I’d reserve my sympathy for those who weren’t part of the 2017-18 teams and may catch some collateral damage.
|
| 12:06 |
: Who ‘owns’ article series between authors and publications they work for? Do you agree on ownership before jobs? Part of exit negotiations? Also, how does it tie to book deals? Do you have to work profit sharing out with the publications? I imagine all this could get complicated
|
| 12:07 |
: It varies from publication to publication and sometimes from writer to writer. At Baseball Prospectus, the rights for each piece reverted to me after a period (18 months I think). At Sports Illustrated, they retain the copyright but are pretty cooperative about granting permission to re-use, such as for my book or to update as part of my JAWS series. Here, I retain the rights to my work.
|
White Sox Extend Bummer’s Contract
Two months after extending Luis Robert, and less than a year after doing the same with Eloy Jiménez, the White Sox have locked in a contract for another young star, reportedly signing 26-year-old groundball specialist Aaron Bummer to a five-year extension worth a minimum of $16 million. The deal also includes options for Bummer’s 2025 and 2026 seasons, for $7.25 and $7.5 million, respectively, with $1.25 million buyouts in each year. If Bummer receives certain awards considerations, the final option year could be worth up to $10 million.
All told, the White Sox have guaranteed themselves a minimum of five and a maximum of seven years of Bummer’s services at a maximum cost of $32 million. Bummer has guaranteed himself $16 million. I suspect both parties will leave this deal feeling satisfied. As Bob Nightengale noted this is the largest extension given to a non-closer who has yet to qualify for arbitration in major league history. While the breakdown in the traditional closer role and the rise of elite sixth- and seventh-inning relievers makes that distinction somewhat less notable than it might have been a few years ago, this is still a major deal.
You may have already read Devan Fink’s detailed analysis of Bummer’s sinker earlier this month, but if you didn’t, here are the numbers that likely prompted the White Sox to put guaranteed money on the table: Bummer’s groundball rate in 2019 was 72.1% (second in the majors), he generated 14 runs on his sinker alone (also second), and he generated barrels on only 2.3% of batted ball events (third). Those numbers look a lot like those of another star reliever of recent vintage, Zack Britton, and it is indeed Britton who Bummer trailed in the first two categories. Read the rest of this entry »
We Provide Leverage: A Thought Experiment
Last week, when giving our playoff odds a quick once-over, I stumbled across something interesting. In translating from player statistics to our projections, we strip out the impact of reliever leverage. That seems intuitively weird, so I wanted to delve into the thinking behind it and see if I could find a workaround.
First, a quick recap of the issue. When we calculate WAR for relievers, we include the impact of leverage. This makes sense — the last reliever off the bench is mostly pitching in blowouts, so their contribution, good or bad, is less important than the closer’s. If you used a dominant reliever in a mop-up role, they’d be far less valuable than if they got to pitch in games where the outcome was uncertain.
How do we adjust for leverage? It’s reasonably straightforward. Take a reliever’s gmLI, which you can find in the Win Probability section. Kirby Yates, for example, had a gmLI of 2.16 last year. gmLI is the average leverage index when a pitcher enters the game. You can find a recap of leverage index here, but it’s essentially a measure of how important a given plate appearance is. A leverage index of 1 means that the situation is exactly as important as the average plate appearance, 2 means the situation is twice as important, and so on. Read the rest of this entry »
Top 39 Prospects: Philadelphia Phillies
Below is an analysis of the prospects in the farm system of the Philadelphia Phillies. Scouting reports are compiled with information provided by industry sources as well as my own observations. For more information on the 20-80 scouting scale by which all of our prospect content is governed, you can click here. For further explanation of the merits and drawbacks of Future Value, read this.
All of the numbered prospects here also appear on The Board, a resource the site offers featuring sortable scouting information for every organization. It can be found here.
| Rk | Name | Age | Highest Level | Position | ETA | FV |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Spencer Howard | 23.6 | AA | RHP | 2020 | 55 |
| 2 | Alec Bohm | 23.6 | AA | 3B | 2020 | 50 |
| 3 | Bryson Stott | 22.4 | A- | SS | 2023 | 45+ |
| 4 | Luis Garcia | 19.3 | A | SS | 2023 | 45 |
| 5 | Francisco Morales | 20.3 | A | RHP | 2022 | 45 |
| 6 | Simon Muzziotti | 21.2 | A+ | CF | 2022 | 45 |
| 7 | Mickey Moniak | 21.8 | AA | CF | 2021 | 45 |
| 8 | Johan Rojas | 19.5 | A- | CF | 2023 | 40+ |
| 9 | Adonis Medina | 23.2 | AA | RHP | 2020 | 40+ |
| 10 | Rafael Marchan | 21.0 | A+ | C | 2022 | 40+ |
| 11 | Mauricio Llovera | 23.9 | AA | RHP | 2020 | 40+ |
| 12 | Kendall Simmons | 19.9 | A- | SS | 2023 | 40+ |
| 13 | Jamari Baylor | 19.6 | R | 2B | 2024 | 40 |
| 14 | Nick Maton | 23.0 | AA | SS | 2021 | 40 |
| 15 | JoJo Romero | 23.4 | AAA | LHP | 2020 | 40 |
| 16 | Erik Miller | 22.0 | A | LHP | 2023 | 40 |
| 17 | Jhailyn Ortiz | 21.3 | A+ | RF | 2021 | 40 |
| 18 | Starlyn Castillo | 18.0 | R | RHP | 2024 | 40 |
| 19 | Rodolfo Duran | 22.0 | A+ | C | 2021 | 40 |
| 20 | Damon Jones | 25.4 | AAA | LHP | 2020 | 40 |
| 21 | Cole Irvin | 26.1 | MLB | LHP | 2020 | 40 |
| 22 | Ethan Lindow | 21.4 | A+ | LHP | 2022 | 40 |
| 23 | Dominic Pipkin | 20.3 | A | RHP | 2023 | 35+ |
| 24 | Gunner Mayer | 19.6 | R | RHP | 2024 | 35+ |
| 25 | Cristopher Sanchez | 23.2 | AAA | RHP | 2020 | 35+ |
| 26 | Julian Garcia | 24.8 | AA | RHP | 2020 | 35+ |
| 27 | Logan O’Hoppe | 20.0 | A- | C | 2023 | 35+ |
| 28 | Kyle Dohy | 23.4 | AAA | LHP | 2021 | 35+ |
| 29 | Zach Warren | 23.7 | A+ | LHP | 2021 | 35+ |
| 30 | Andrew Schultz | 22.6 | A | RHP | 2022 | 35+ |
| 31 | Nicoly Pina | 20.4 | R | RHP | 2023 | 35+ |
| 32 | Marcus Lee Sang | 19.1 | R | RF | 2024 | 35+ |
| 33 | Kyle Young | 22.2 | A+ | LHP | 2021 | 35+ |
| 34 | Enyel De Los Santos | 24.2 | MLB | RHP | 2020 | 35+ |
| 35 | Victor Santos | 19.6 | A | RHP | 2023 | 35+ |
| 36 | Carlos De La Cruz | 20.4 | A | RF | 2023 | 35+ |
| 37 | Hsin-Chieh Lin | 20.9 | A+ | RHP | 2023 | 35+ |
| 38 | Rixon Wingrove | 19.8 | R | 1B | 2023 | 35+ |
| 39 | Manuel Silva | 21.2 | A | LHP | 2021 | 35+ |
Other Prospects of Note
Grouped by type and listed in order of preference within each category.
Older Pitching Depth
David Parkinson, LHP
Bailey Falter, LHP
Garrett Cleavinger, LHP
Ramon Rosso, RHP
Addison Russ, RHP
Keylan Killgore, LHP
The Phillies’ well of upper-level pitching ran dry last year. These are the internal options in case of emergency. Parkinson is a pitchability lefty with a good changeup, slow sweeping breaking ball, and below-average fastball. He has starts where he locates at will and carves. Falter is deceptive, has a bunch of pitches, and was a name teams poked around on before last year’s Rule 5. Cleavinger is a breaking ball-heavy lefty reliever up to 95 with the fastball. Rosso is a cutter/curveball relief prospect with a disorienting delivery. Russ is up to 96 and executes a 45-grade slider with remarkable consistency. Killgore has a low-90s fastball with plus vertical movement.
Young Pitching Projects
Eduar Segovia, RHP
Josh Gessner, RHP
Ben Brown, RHP
Brandon Ramey, RHP
Jordi Martinez, LHP
Segovia’s delivery is silky smooth and he’s touching 95 as a 19-year-old. His breaking ball effectiveness is location-dependent, but is has promising depth. The Phillies signed Gessner just before the 2018 signing period deadline for $850,000 in just-traded-for money from Baltimore. He has a good frame, works 90-92, has advanced feel for two below-average breaking balls and a promising changeup. Brown barely threw last year but was quite good when he did. He did not repeat his delivery as well as his walk rates suggest but he does have four average pitches, and the heater might play above its velo (90-93, touch 95). Ramey is a very tall young righty with a lower arm slot. His changeup has a chance to be very good. Martinez is a teenage lefty up to 96.
Husky Catchers
Deivy Grullon, C
Andrick Nava, C
Victor Diaz, C/1B
Abrahan Gutierrez, C/1B
Juan Aparicio, C
Grullon is on the 40-man, and has pull power and arm strength. Nava, 18, is the most contact-oriented hitter here. He only caught 14 games last year. Diaz, 18, spent 2019 in the DSL. He has average present power. Gutierrez has the most projectable frame of this group but he’s a slow-twitch guy, as is Aparicio, who hit his way out of Williamsport last July.
System Overview
The recent Phillies draft strategy has been heavy on $750,000-ish high schoolers and other overslot curiosities, the sorts of players who end up in the 35+ FV tier and are shaped by development. That may change now that the amateur department is headed by Brian Barber, who had been a Yankees national crosschecker, but perhaps a depth-driven approach to farm building makes sense for this org. The amateur staff is good at uncovering O’Hoppes and Mezquitas and Mayers, and the development staff now has a lot of Houston and Driveline DNA coursing through its veins, with Josh Bonifay and Jason Ochart occupying prominent roles on the dev side. More malleable athletes mean more opportunities to make good players at a time when the system will be under pressure to provide tradable prospects as the big club seeks to compete.
Effectively Wild Episode 1505: Sign Stealing is a Flat Circle

In a special narrative episode of Effectively Wild, Ben Lindbergh traces the parallels between baseball’s latest sign-stealing crisis and an almost 60-year-old sign-stealing scandal that caused a comparable upheaval in the sport, drawing on archival clips, contemporary music, and interviews with author Paul Dickson and former major leaguers Eddie Robinson, Al Worthington, and Jay Hook to explore how illicit sign stealing starts, whether players can prevent it, and why it keeps recurring.
Audio intro: Bob Dylan, "Stealin’"
Audio interstitial 1: Elvis Presley, "Suspicion"
Audio interstitial 2: Gene Vincent, "I’m Goin’ Home (To See My Baby)"
Audio interstitial 3: Helen Humes, "‘Tain’t Nobody’s Biz-Ness If I Do"
Audio interstitial 4: Goldie Hill, "I Slipped Off My Wedding Ring"
Audio interstitial 5: Patsy Cline, "Your Cheatin’ Heart"
Audio outro: Ray Charles (Feat. Margie Hendricks), "Tell the Truth"
Link to The Hidden Language of Baseball
Link to Robinson’s memoir
Link to Veeck As In Wreck
Link to Rob Arthur’s Astros research
Link to Major League II scene
Link to Greenberg autobiography
Link to 1913 McGraw article
Link to first part of 1962 Sporting News sign-stealing feature
Link to second part of 1962 Sporting News sign-stealing feature
Link to 1962 Hook article
Link to 1957 Williams pigeon-shooting article
Link to Robinson interview episode
Link to order The MVP Machine
iTunes Feed (Please rate and review us!)
Sponsor Us on Patreon
Facebook Group
Effectively Wild Wiki
Twitter Account
Get Our Merch!
Email Us: podcast@fangraphs.com
Podcast: Play in new window | Download
Subscribe: RSS
Sunday Notes: Dodgers Prospect Kody Hoese is Calm, Cool, and Collects Hits
Kody Hoese exploded last season at Tulane. In a breakout junior campaign that saw him shoot up draft charts, the right-handed-hitting third baseman slashed a preposterous .391/.486/.779, bashing 23 home runs along the way. Duly impressed, the Los Angeles Dodgers selected Hoese with the 25th pick of the first round.
He proceeded to acclimate well to pro ball. The numbers weren’t nearly as loud as they were with the Green Wave, but his .299/.380/.483 line between rookie-level Arizona and the low-A Great Lakes Loons was more than adequate. In terms of getting his feet wet, Hoese did just fine.
Asking Hoese about the sudden-rise path he took from Tulane to top-shelf prospect unearthed no great revelations. The 22-year-old Griffith, Indiana native feels that he simply matured and grew into having a more-advanced approach at the plate. “There weren’t really any mechanical changes, or anything like that.”
Hoese’s setup and stroke are anything but complicated. He presents with a “little-lower-hands slot” and a simple load where he “kind of gets into [his] back side, and then strides.” He tries to stay balanced — “centered through my body, upright” — with minimal head movement. His primary objectives are a consistent swing path and focusing on driving the ball up the middle and to the opposite-field gap.
Aaron Bates, who tutors hitters in the Dodgers system, offered a similar take when queried about Hoese’s M.O. Read the rest of this entry »
Effectively Wild Episode 1504: Suing the Sign Stealers

Will we see baseball’s sign stealers in court, or will attempts to take legal action be a suing and a miss? In a bonus episode of EW, Ben Lindbergh talks to sports-law expert Nathaniel Grow about the viability of and precedents for several lawsuits related to MLB’s ongoing sign-stealing scandal, as well as another case that could overturn teams’ traditional lack of liability for fan injuries sustained from foul balls.
Audio intro: Lindisfarne, "Court in the Act"
Audio outro: Frank Loesser, "Sue Me"
Link to story about Bolsinger case
Link to story about nine demoted pitchers
Link to Rob Arthur on sign stealing’s effectiveness
Link to story about Wallach case
Link to story about other ticket cases
Link to story about Olson case
Link to Clifford filing
Link to article about foul ball case
Link to article about 2008 PEDs case
Link to video of Bonds homer
Link to order The MVP Machine
iTunes Feed (Please rate and review us!)
Sponsor Us on Patreon
Facebook Group
Effectively Wild Wiki
Twitter Account
Get Our Merch!
Email Us: podcast@fangraphs.com
Podcast: Play in new window | Download
Subscribe: RSS
Jay Jaffe

